以最小二乘法直线度评定食品中砷测定的不确定度分析

目的:以最小二乘法直线度评定食品中砷测定过程中存在的不确定度,并找出影响不确定度的因素较大的环节。方法:根据GB/T 5009.11-2003《食品中总砷及无机砷的测定》的方法,应用最小二乘法拟合直线,进行不确定度评估,并计算出合成不确定度。结果:各分量中工作曲线变动性、移液管、样品定容过程及测量重复性引入的不确定度贡献较大,相对扩展不确定度为U=2.5%(k=2)。结论:以最小二乘法直线度评定食品中砷的不确定度,提高了评定的可信度,通过实验各环节的分析,要求操作过程必须细心、准确、规范,尽量减少不确定度。     

Maltreatment experiences and associated factors prior to admission to residential care: A sample of institutionalized children and youth in western Kenya

Objectives

This study aims to determine the prevalence of maltreatment experienced by institutionalized children prior to their admission to Charitable Children's Institutions (orphanages) in western Kenya, and to describe their socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for admission, and the factors associated with prior experiences of maltreatment.

Methods

A systematic file review was undertaken in five CCIs. Demographic, prior caregiving settings and maltreatment data were extracted. Forms of maltreatment were recorded according to WHO and ISPCAN guidelines. Logistic regression was used in bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with reasons for placement and forms of maltreatment.

Results

A total of 462 files were reviewed. The median (interquartile range) age of children was 6.8 (5.08) years at admission, 56% were male, and 71% had lost one or both parents. The reasons for admission were destitution (36%), abandonment (22%), neglect (21%), physical/sexual abuse (8%), and lack of caregiver (8%). The majority of child and youth residents had experienced at least one form of maltreatment (66%): physical abuse (8%), sexual abuse (2%), psychological abuse (28%), neglect (26%), medical neglect (18%), school deprivation (38%), abandonment (30%), and child labor (23%). The most common reason for non-orphans to be admitted was maltreatment (90%), whereas the most common reason for orphans to be admitted was destitution (49%). Girls (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: .61, 95% CI: .39–.95) and orphans (AOR: .04, 95% CI: .01–.17) were both independently less likely to have a history of maltreatment irrespective of whether it was the reason for admission. Children whose primary caregiver had not been a parent (AOR: .36, 95% CI: .15–.86) and orphans (AOR: .17, 95% CI: .06–.44) were less likely to have been admitted for maltreatment, while children who were separated from siblings were more likely to have been admitted for maltreatment (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01–2.60).

Conclusions

The high prevalence of maltreatment prior to admission, particularly among nonorphans, suggests the need for better child abuse and neglect prevention programs in communities, and psychosocial support services in institutions. The significant proportion of children admitted for poverty, predominantly among orphans, indicates that community-based poverty-reduction programs might reduce the need for institutionalization.     

容积率对城市住宅用地交易价格影响的定量研究

为确定容积率对土地市场住宅交易价格的影响程度和方式,以容积率和房屋成本的理论关系为切入点,利用南京市区2005年～2007年10月底以公开出让方式成交的132幅住宅用地数据,采用比较分析法和最小二乘法分别就成交住宅用地单位地价和楼面地价与容积率的影响机制和影响程度进行了分析,另用江宁区33个交易案例作为比较样本对市区分析结果进行验证。结果证实用两种方法的结合有利于选择更加有效的模型,并能克服最小二乘法在计量统计中的缺陷。为量化区位性对此次研究的作用,在做主要变量定量分析之前,对楼面地价和单位价的区位性特征进行了检验,结果显示住宅用地到市中为距离每增加1km,单位地价和楼面地价随之下降235.29元/m²和120.45元/ m²。本文的主要研究结论为：①土地市场平稳运行过程中,控制区位因素后,容积率变化1%,住宅用地成交单位地价随之变化0.93%,且单位地价随容积率变动的弹性不因区位因素的变动而发生较大变化,因此如果不考虑其他因素的影响,政府可以通过调整出让地块容积率来影响住宅用地成交单位地价;②楼面地价受容积率的显著性影响很小、自身稳定性更高,能真实反映地价随年份的变化规律,更适宜作为地价的监测指标。     

住宅小区给水管道设计流量计算公式探讨

本文在分析了室内住宅和室外市政给水管道流量计算公式的基础上依据住宅小区的特点和性质,提出了住宅小区给水管道流量的计算公式.     

Residential environment index system and evaluation model established by subjective and objective methods

In this research, the residential environment index system and evaluation model were established by means of subjective and objective methods. The methodology for establishing the evaluation system for residential environment was first analyzed; then the subjective evaluation data-base was established by questionnaire survey; and at the same time, the objective evaluation data-base was constructed by Geographic Information System (GIS); and then the related equation system between subjective and objective system was developed by multiple regression analysis. This research could benefit evaluation of the residential environment quality for various purposes, and also provide important rudimentary data-base for the development and improvement of residential environment for officials. Furthermore, the index system and evaluation model established in this research could construct a strong relation between subjective evaluation and objective data; and thus could provide a comprehensive, efficient and effective methodology for the evaluation of residential environment.     

南阳后农运时代城市居住区建设研究

随着我国经济的发展与人民生活水平的提高,城市居民对城市居住区环境有着量与质的转变。乘着农运的东风,南阳城市环境有着进一步的改善,但在城市居住环境建设中还存在一定的误区。通过探讨后农运时代城市居住区建设面临的问题,从中寻求当代城市环境中居住区建设的解决方案。     

Computer support system for residential environment evaluation for citizen participation

INTRODUCTION Citizen participation in urban planning is crucial for satisfying the increasing demand to improve the overall city planning process (Sherry, 1969). The information exchange, opinion feedback, establish-ment of expert system and the development of effi-cient and effective participation methods has brought huge benefits and high potential for the improvement of the whole city planning (Arima, 2001). The public participation system to evaluate the planning system for the speci…     

物业管理企业在新建住宅物业项目接管时的权益保护

物业管理企业作为新兴的行业企业，在国家法律规章制度还不完善的情况下，其企业本身的权益也理应受到保护。物业管理以服务为宗旨，为社会提供必不可少的服务产品。在所生产“产品”的特殊性、服务时间和空间上的无限性、涉及社会关系的复杂性等方面是许多企业都不能比的。行业测评表明，物业管理中出现的许多问题，不属于物业企业所为，在介入新建物业项目时，分清责任、把握权力范围，对于争取管理时的各项权益是非常必要的。     

Time to seize the digital evolution: Adoption of blockchain in operations and supply chain management among Malaysian SMEs

This study aims to investigate the effects of relative advantage, complexity, upper management support, cost, market dynamics, competitive pressure and regulatory support on blockchain adoption for operations and supply chain management among Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Unlike existing studies that employed linear models with Technology Acceptance Model or United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology that ignores the organisational and environmental factors, we adopted the Technology, Organisation and Environment Framework that covers the technological dimensions of relative advantage and complexity, organisational dimensions of upper management support and cost and environmental dimensions of market dynamics, competitive pressure and regulatory support. Empirical data from 194 SMEs were investigated and ranked using a nonlinear non-compensatory PLS-ANN approach. Competitive pressure, complexity, cost and relative have significant effects on behavioural intention. Market dynamics, regulatory support and upper management support were insignificant predictors. SMEs often lack resources for technological investments but faces same requirements for streamlining business processes to optimise returns and blockchain presents a viable option for SMEs’ sustainability due to its features of immutability, transparency and security that have the potential to revolutionise businesses. This study contributes new knowledge to the literature on factors that affect blockchain adoption and justifications were discussed accordingly.     

无网格本质边界条件实现方法的研究进展

介绍了无网格及其本质边界条件实现的基本原理和方法,讨论了各种实现方法和特点;指出了目前实现方法中的不足之处,提出了作者的几点粗浅看法。