基于支持向量机的垃圾邮件过滤分析与实现

互联网的发展逐渐改变了人们的生活方式,电子邮件因其方便、快捷的特点已受到人们的青睐。但许多垃圾邮件同时也在网络中蔓延,占据了邮件服务器的大量存储空间,用户往往需要花费大量的时间去删除这些垃圾邮件。因此,研究邮件的自动过滤具有重要意义。邮件的自动过滤主要有基于规则和基于统计两种方式。而目前基于统计的过滤器中,常用的贝叶斯方法等是建立在经验风险最小化的基础之上,过滤器推广性能较差。支持向量机(SVM)是在统计学习理论的基础上发展而来的一种新的模式识别方法,在解决有限样本、非线性及高维模式识别问题中表现出许多特有的优势。它不仅考虑了对推广能力的要求,而且追求在有限信息的条件下得到最优结果。因此,本文将支持向量机应用于邮件过滤,实验证明过滤效果较好。     

民艺居住文化与现代家居设计的融合

民艺不仅仅是民族艺术,同时它也是生活的一种具体体现。现代设计与民艺文化的融合,体现的是设计的民族性和独特性。照搬已经不符合当今时代发展的趋势,要用现代的手段来表现传统文化。我们要留住民艺,为民艺文化创造宽松的发展环境。民艺居住文化与现代家居设计的融合是住宅设计发展的必然趋势,也是社会需求的自然体现。     

彝族居住模式的文化解析——以大姚县昙华乡松子园村为例

在楚雄昙华彝族聚居区,有一种独特的“双宅式”居住模式,韵味古朴的传统彝家村落与时尚典雅的现代楼阁式建筑并存。形成了一种独具特色的居住格局。它作为一种民族文化活态的物化符号。不仅反映了昙华彝族对自然环境与社会环境的巨大适应力和创造力,同时也反映了他们对民族传统文化的守望和创新．从而达到一种传统与现代的和谐统一。     

多维正交整体最小二乘应用研究

以往整体最小二乘的研究是在二维基础上探讨模型的适用性,但从二维延伸到多维的过程中,会引入过多的自变量与因变量误差,而在模型解算过程中,又不能完全考虑每一个误差变量,造成了误差的偏执,形成整体最小二乘最优结果的虚假现象。本文对二维延伸到多维的整体最小二乘、所产生的误差偏执、模型变异问题进行分析,引入了多维正交整体最小二乘,避开了误差变量的影响,使得二维、多维的整体最小二乘解算结果都可以达到最优。     

现代汉语“路径”概念词汇化模式分析

“路径”是位移事件框架中最重要的因素,它表达位移实体移动的方向与路线。在不同语言中以不同的编码方式呈现,存在语言类型上的差异。论文分析了现代汉语中“路径”概念的词汇化模式及汉语“路径”动词的特点,并在此基础上讨论了汉语趋向词与英语小品词的区别。     

Beyond residential mobility: A broader conceptualization of instability and its impact on victimization risk among children

Predictability in a child’s environment is a critical quality of safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments, which promote wellbeing and protect against maltreatment. Research has focused on residential mobility's effect on this predictability. This study augments such research by analyzing the impact of an instability index—including the lifetime destabilization factors (LDFs) of natural disasters, homelessness, child home removal, multiple moves, parental incarceration, unemployment, deployment, and multiple marriages--on childhood victimizations. The cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 12,935 cases (mean age = 8.6 years) was pooled from 2008, 2011, and 2014 National Surveys of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV). Logistic regression models controlling for demographics, socio-economic status, and family structure tested the association between excessive residential mobility, alone, and with LDFs, and past year childhood victimizations (sexual victimization, witnessing community or family violence, maltreatment, physical assault, property crime, and polyvictimization). Nearly 40% of the sample reported at least one LDF. Excessive residential mobility was significantly predictive of increased odds of all but two victimizations; almost all associations were no longer significant after other destabilizing factors were included. The LDF index without residential mobility was significantly predictive of increased odds of all victimizations (AOR’s ranged from 1.36 to 1.69), and the adjusted odds ratio indicated a 69% increased odds of polyvictimization for each additional LDF a child experienced. The LDF index thus provides a useful alternative to using residential moves as the sole indicator of instability. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive supports and services to support stability for children and families.     

论一物一权原则

起源于罗马法的一物一权原则是大陆法系国家物权法的基本原则。但随着社会和经济的发展,一物一权理论及其基本原则地位受到了严峻挑战。从分析一物一权原则的界定出发,结合具体案例,论证一物一权原则在现代社会中存在的必要性。然后利用一物一权原则对现代社会的特定现象进行解释,并提出完善一物一权原则的对策,旨在为一物一权原则在现代社会的健康发展提供有力的理性支持。     

Estimating the number of children in formal alternative care: Challenges and results

Given the relatively large body of literature documenting the adverse impacts of institutionalization on children’s developmental outcomes and well-being, it is essential that countries work towards reducing the number of children in alternative care (particularly institutional care), and, when possible, reunite children with their families. In order to do so, reliable estimates of the numbers of children living in such settings are essential. However, many countries still lack functional administrative systems for enumerating children living outside of family care.The purpose of this paper is to provide a snapshot of the availability and coverage of data on children living in residential and foster care from some 142 countries covering more than 80 per cent of the world’s children. Utilizing these country-level figures, it is estimated that approximately 2.7 million children between the ages of 0 and 17 years could be living in institutional care worldwide. Where possible, the article also presents regional estimates of the number of children living in residential and foster care.This work represents an important step to systematically identify and compile sources of data on children in alternative care and provides updated global and regional estimates on the magnitude of the issue. Its findings contribute to raising awareness of the urgent need to strengthen the capacity of countries to improve national systems for counting, monitoring and reporting on these vulnerable children.     

The crucial role of the micro caregiving environment: Factors associated with attachment styles in alternative care in Chile

The distribution of attachment styles has been shown to differ between groups of children living with their parents and children placed in alternative care (AC), defined as residential or foster. However, this is the first study in Latin America to explore possible factors affecting the quality of attachment in children living in both residential and foster care. Two groups of children (N = 57) were compared: one group living in Residential Homes (RC) and the other in Foster Care (FC) in Chile. Children’s, caregivers’ and structural factors (e.g., child: caregiver ratios) and their links with attachment styles were investigated. The micro caregiving environment (i.e., the specific individual child caregiver relationship), especially the caregivers’ engagement, sensitivity, disciplinary control and affection, as well as some structural factors (i.e., child: caregiver ratios), were linked to attachment security in children. Specifically, better emotional caregiving and lower child-caregiver ratios were associated with higher rates of secure attachment. The association between quality of care (as measured by the HOME inventory) and attachment styles seems to be influenced by caregiver relationships (as measured by CCSERSS). Caregiver relationship factors (i.e., affection, engagement and sensitivity) directly impact the quality of the attachment children establish with them while living in AC. However, the relationships that caregivers establish with children under their care can be facilitated by good quality structural factors, particularly child-caregiver ratios.     

Experiences of (young) women after out of home placement: An examination of personality disorder symptoms through the lens of child maltreatment

BackgroundChild maltreatment has been associated with the development of various mental health problems, including the development of personality disorders.ObjectiveThis study investigated the association between child maltreatment and personality disorder symptoms in 125 women who transitioned out of residential care.MethodThe Child Trauma Questionnaire was used for the measurement of child maltreatment, and Personality disorder symptoms were measured using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4 + . The Psychological Distress Index was used to control for symptoms of distress.ResultsA Stepwise regression analysis showed that the majority of the associations were found between self-reported emotional abuse, neglect and personality disorder symptoms. Emotional abuse was significantly related to the Paranoid (β = .42, p<0.001), Schizoid (β = .18, p <0.05), Schizotypal (β = .18, p<0.05), Histrionic (β = .22, p<0.05), Avoidant (β = .31, p < .001), Dependent (β = 0.31, p < .001), Obsessive Compulsive (β = 0.29, p = .001), Passive Aggressive (β = 0.23, p<0.01) and the Depressive personality disorder (β = .38, p < .001). Emotional neglect was significantly associated to the Borderline Personality Disorder (β = .32, p<0.001) and the Paranoid Personality Disorder (β =-0.22, p<0.05).ConclusionsThe current study underlines the detrimental effects of childhood maltreatment, and in particular the effects of emotional abuse and neglect.