直流电动机的调速研究

本文以他励直流电动机的调速为例,介绍了直流电动机的电枢回路串入电阻调速、降低电源电压调速和减弱磁通调速三种调速方法,并分析这三种调速方法的优缺点及适用范围。     

广东企业知识产权创造现状与问题

对广东省100家不同类型的企业开展了一次知识产权创造的调查。通过描述性统计,分析了广东知识产权创造的现状,重点从知识产权创造的宏观激励和微观激励所涉及的财政激励、税收激励、金融激励以及企业自身开展技术创新活动途径、人才收入分配激励等进行现状统计性描述,并相应分析了各方面问题所在。     

对称性在微积分中的应用

对称性是数学美的一个基本形式。在微积分计算中充分利用数学对象所蕴含的对称因素,挖掘其对称性,往往可以简化运算,提高解题效率,达到事半功倍的效果。     

9,10-二苯乙炔基蒽的合成及光谱性质研究

本研究以二溴蒽和苯乙酮为原料,通过Sonogashira钯催化偶联反应,四氢呋喃和二乙胺混合溶剂作为偶联反应溶剂,以较高的收率获得了标题化合物,且运用IR,UV,熔点等手段进行了结构鉴定,并通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究了其光谱性质。     

声音感知的语言学探析

按照声音的属性——声音的自然属性和声音的社会属性,将声音划分为自然性声音和社会性声音,并进一步分析了社会性声音的六个主要特征,指出这些特征在声音的感知过程中可以相互联系,相互作用,并且对语言感知的理解及教学实践有一定的启示。     

热处理对OCr13Ni5Mo钢组织和性能的影响

采用金相观察、冲击、拉伸和硬度测试的方法。研究了二次回火温度对0Cr13Ni5Mo钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,不同温度二次回火后。组织以较细的板条状回火马氏体为主;随着二次回火温度的升高,材料的冲击韧性呈上升趋势,强度及硬度近似直线降低。     

A nano to macroscale study on structure-mechanics relationships of archaeological oak

Mechanical properties of wood at different length scales of its hierarchical structure are governed by structural and compositional properties on smaller length scales. This opens up the possibility to use microstructural data for estimating mechanical properties, which are difficult to assess by conventional, destructive testing but are nevertheless of high relevance for conservation practice. Herein, we investigate such microstructure-mechanics relationships for a particular example, namely the load bearing archaeological oak of the Oseberg Viking ship, displayed at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway. In order to identify the effects of degradation on the mechanical behavior and their relations to the microstructure, recent oak specimens of different geographical origin (Norway and Austria) are investigated as well. Wood exhibits a cellular structure. Its cell walls are composed of an amorphous polymer matrix consisting of lignin and hemicelluloses and embedded, stiff cellulose fibers. At the cell level, experimental studies comprised microscopic investigations of the cellular structure, chemical analyses of the composition of the cell walls, as well as nanoindentation tests on single cell walls. The same samples were also analyzed on the macroscopic level, where additionally mass density and annual ring data were measured together with ultrasonic stiffnesses. The chemical data clearly indicate deterioration in the archaeological oak, affecting mainly hemicelluloses and amorphous cellulose. At the cell wall scale, however, this does not necessarily lead to a weaker material behavior. The nanoindentation modulus, as a measure of the cell wall stiffness, was found to even increase. This is counterintuitive to our understanding of the effects of chemical degradation. It might be due to possible modification of lignin in the Oseberg oak, and thus have a stronger effect on the indentation modulus than the concurrent weakening of the interfaces between the load-carrying cellulose fibers and the connecting cell wall matrix when analyzing wood at the microscopic level. A similar effect is also observed for the transversal stiffness of macroscopic samples, which increases. In tension-dominated loading modes, however, the degradation of the interfaces is the dominant effect, resulting for example in a considerable reduction of the macroscopic stiffness in longitudinal direction. This underlines the utmost relevance of the loading condition on the remaining load-carrying capacity of degraded wood. On the macroscale, effects of the geographical origin (i.e. growth conditions) on ring characteristics of the oak tissues override the effects of degradation on the mechanical behavior. They have to be carefully extracted in order to come up with conclusions on the effect of degradation from macroscopic test results. The identified microstructure-mechanics relationships provide the basis for–in further research steps–building mathematical models describing the relations between microstructural characteristics and macroscopic mechanical properties and, thereon, for structural analyses of historical wooden objects.     

试论期刊的特征与作用——兼评当前期刊出版的某些不良现象

期刊是一种有固定的出版形式和统一固定名称的连续的定期出版物。而当前有的期刊 ,忽略或无视期刊的独特属性与功能。无论是何种类型的期刊都应该坚持期刊的本质特征与作用 ,自觉抵制、防止和消除不良现象的发生。     

6061-T5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术对6061-T5铝合金进行焊接,分析了焊接速度对接头成形、微观结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着焊接速度的增加,沉淀相固溶度下降,晶粒细化;焊接速度过大时,热输入不足,呈现原始态组织.当转速为800 r/min,焊接速度为60 mm/min时,接头成形良好,抗拉强度达到最大值.采用合适的搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数,6061-T5铝合金能实现可靠的连接.