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941.
Participation in elite sport, and in particular those sports with special demands in terms of weight and shape, is associated with a higher risk for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa [Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2010). Aspects of disordered eating continuum in elite high intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, 112–121]. We report upon research exploring eating attitudes and behaviours within elite gymnastics. The study comprised 42 semi-structured interviews with gymnasts and support staff—34 gymnasts and 9 staff/support staff. The majority of those interviewed were acrobatic gymnasts (22; 16 males and 6 females) with 7 rhythmic gymnasts (all female) and 5 tumblers (all female). The mean age of those gymnasts interviewed was 17.4. A difficulty in precisely delineating extreme eating patterns (disordered eating) from having an eating disorder was noted. Within an elite sports context behaviours thought to be pathological in a more general setting might be fairly commonplace and even functional to the athlete's performance. The extent to which the athlete consents to these patterns of behaviour is problematic given their age and development. We argue that conceptualising consent as ‘authority to be cared for by a trustworthy coach’, more felicitously applies to the child/adolescent elite sporting context, helping us understand not only the focus of the elite gymnast, but also their relationship with the coach and the coaches' responsibilities. 相似文献
942.
Minimising joint torque is often used as an optimisation criterion when investigating human movement. Alternatively, an aspect of performance may be chosen to be maximised when investigating sporting movements. The aim of the study was to optimise the technique in the backward giant circle prior to a double layout somersault dismount from the high bar using various criteria to determine which best characterised the technique adopted by a gymnast. Ten recorded gymnast trials were used to determine bar release parameters and the level of noise in the gymnast’s movements. A computer simulation model of a gymnast and bar was used to optimise giant circle technique under three criteria: minimising joint torques, maximising the release window and maximising success in the presence of motor system noise. Local and global optimisations of technique were performed using the three criteria starting from the average technique of the 10 recorded trials. All global optimum solutions diverged from the gymnast’s technique. The local optimum for maximising success in the presence of noise had a success rate comparable with the global optimum (98% vs. 100%, respectively). It is concluded that the gymnast’s technique is characterised by maximising success despite operating with motor system noise. 相似文献
943.
采用特尔菲法构建评价指标体系及标准,运用帕累托分析、目标挑战模型等对我国9~10岁优秀少年男子体操运动力量素质的训练水平进行评价与诊断。结果表明：（1）9岁组上肢力量、躯干力量与下肢专项爆发力发展参差不齐,上肢慢用性拉引力量与腰腹快速屈伸力量整体水平有待提高;10岁组上肢与躯干综合力量素质得到全面协调训练,但下肢爆发力良莠不齐,整体水平欠佳。（2）训练周期内容安排上,两个年龄组均应重点发展上肢支撑与拉引力量素质,且9岁组还应突出发展上肢快速推撑与屈伸力量素质;（3）发展目标上,下一阶段两个年龄组都应加强下肢爆发力和躯干专项力量的科学训练,且10岁组还应重点提高身体控制能力和上肢支撑力量的训练质量。 相似文献
944.
Previous study has showed superior sensory organisation ability in rhythmic gymnasts, but mostly in longitudinal data. With a cross-sectional design, this study used a dual-task paradigm to examine the above phenomenon. Fifteen female rhythmic gymnasts (15.0 ± 1.8 yr.) and matched peers (15.1 ± 2.1 yr.) were recruited. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) was administered with a concurrent lower-demand (serial subtraction of three, serving as the baseline) or higher-demand (serial subtraction of seven, serving as the dual-task) arithmetic task. The results showed no main effect of group, but a group by level of arithmetic task (P = 0.001) interaction effect on SOT equilibrium score. The higher-demand task facilitated balance performance in the gymnasts, but it impeded performance in the controls, with the differences more pronounced in challenging SOT conditions. With the higher-demand task, the gymnasts adopted a sensory strategy with a higher visual ratio but a smaller somatosensory ratio compared to the controls. Better visual utilisation of sensory organisation ability was apparent in gymnasts, but only when the SOT test was performed with a higher-demand secondary task. We have demonstrated the efficacy of using the dual-task paradigm to identify the superior sensory organisation ability of adolescent rhythmic gymnasts. 相似文献
945.
Michael Krüger 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(1):9-26
AbstractGermany is both the country of origin of Protestantism and of Turnerism, which has led to a specific concept of national gymnastics. In 2017, the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther´s act of nailing his theses to the door of the Church of Wittenberg (on 31 October 1517) was celebrated. About 300 hundred years later, Ludwig Jahn, son of a Protestant minister, started to run a gymnastics ground at a park in Berlin, where young boys and students were educated in ‘body and mind’ according to Jahn’s slogan (which later became the brand of the German Turner movement) frisch, fromm, fröhlich, frei (‘fresh, pious, cheerful, free’). The notion of piety has been widely discussed by contemporary gymnasts, because even then, some regarded piety as old-fashioned and in fact incompatible with a free and enlightened world. The purpose of this paper is to consider the Christian impact on German gymnastics and sport since the beginning of a civil movement of body culture in clubs and societies in the nineteenth century. The paper is based on a wide range of academic research and other selected sources. 相似文献
946.
对高师体操教学的目标,课程结构的改革及体操教学的创新思维与创新技法等方面进行了分析,旨在更好地促进体操教学质量的提高。 相似文献
947.
广播操是一项全民健身运动,在我国享有“国操”美誉,戏曲是我国优秀传统文化之一,将广播体操与戏曲相融合,不仅丰富了广播体操的内涵,而且对戏曲的发展也起到了一定的推广作用,该文主要探讨广播操与戏曲发展的困境,进而分析两者结合的可行之处,为广播操和戏曲发展谋求一种新思路,为传统文化与体育运动的发展寻求一条共生之路。 相似文献
948.
Suzanne Lundvall 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(6):789-799
In 2013, the former Royal Gymnastic Central Institute, now the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), celebrated its bicentenary. The purpose of this paper is to describe, by means of a literature review, the holding blocks that have contributed to the continuity of the oldest institute for PE teacher education in the world. For the first hundred years Ling gymnastics represented a legitimate system for the schooling of the body, the promotion of health and the rehabilitation of the sick. This resulted in strong markers of exclusivity, keeping the institution together. The next hundred years saw the discontinuity of Ling gymnastics, including medical gymnastics, and a call for sport education. The new cornerstones were exercise science research and the establishment of the Institute as an autonomous university college with the assignment to meet society's continued need for knowledge of how to support healthy citizens. Today's challenges for GIH include dealing with a changing society, the conflicting dimensions of (competitive) sport, and the more philanthropic ideas of body and physicality. 相似文献
949.
Angela Wichmann 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(4):614-629
This paper provides a comparative analysis of European gymnastics systems in the nineteenth century against the context of today's World Gymnaestrada, the purely non-competitive, official world event of the International Gymnastics Federation. Framed by the central question ‘Who did what kind of gymnastics for which purposes?’, the paper discusses the original purposes, issues of participation and key principles of several gymnastics systems in nineteenth-century Europe. The paper particularly addresses not only two major gymnastics concepts emerging at that time, namely German Turnen and Swedish gymnastics, but also their adoption and adaptation in Denmark and the Czech region. This comparative, historical analysis provides valuable insights into the essence of the largely under-researched World Gymnaestrada in general, and into one of its core aims, specifically, namely the celebration of the diversity of gymnastics. In spite of dramatic social change, there seems to be a rather stable core in this respect. Yet, different from the original ideas of the nineteenth century, at today's World Gymnaestrada, the different gymnastics concepts are no longer the object of political struggles, but they are celebrated and complement each other. 相似文献
950.