The effect of combined self- and expert-modelling on the performance of the double leg circle on the pommel horse

Abstract

In this study, we investigated whether video modelling can enhance gymnasts' performance of the circle on a pommel horse. The procedure associated expert-modelling with self-modelling and quantitative performance analysis. Sixteen gymnasts were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) a modelling group, which received expert- and self-modelling, and performance feedback, or (2) a control group, which received no feedback. After five sessions of training, an analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the gains in the back, entry, front, and exit phases of the circle were greater for the modelling group than for the control group. During the training sessions, the gymnasts in the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment during the back phase more quickly than during the other phases. As predicted, although both groups performed the same number of circles (300 in 5 days, with 10 sequences of 6 circles), the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment more than the control group. It thus appears that immediate video modelling can help to correct complex sports movements such as the circle performed on the pommel horse. However, its effectiveness seemed to be dependent on the complexity of the phase.     

Visual and postural control of an arbitrary posture: The handstand

Abstract

The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of postural regulation by analysing an arbitrary posture – the handstand. We assessed the relative influence of peripheral vision and central visual anchoring on the postural balance of gymnasts in the inverted-stand posture. Displacements of the centre of pressure, the angles between the body segments, and the gymnast's height in the handstand were analysed. Postural regulation in the handstand appeared to be organized according to a system similar to that in erect posture, with three articular levels suggesting the existence of a typical organization of human posture. Moreover, both intra-modal (central and peripheral vision) and inter-modal sensory systems (vision and other balance systems) contributed to the postural regulation. The results are interpreted in terms of an ecological approach to posture in which postural regulation can be considered as an emergent phenomenon.     

幼儿园大班武术操的内容选择与应用研究

本文通过文献搜集、教育实验等方法,探究武术操在幼儿园大班中的内容选择与应用。结合幼儿的身心发展特点,提出武术操内容应综合体现简化性、创新性、趣味性与文化性,并在此基础上构建了一条行之有效的应用路径,期待用武术及其深厚的文化底蕴促进幼儿身心健康,更好地推进武术操在幼儿园的发展。     

体操教学辅助器械教学效果研究

针对体育院系体操教学中的重点难点动作和存在的问题,设计研制了教学辅助器械:多功能辅助滚筒、双杠倒立保护架和手倒立辅助墙。对前手翻动作教学实验表明,教学辅助器械能减少学生心理负担,增加安全系数,节省人力物力,有利于技术动作的掌握;能加快教学进程,改善教学效果,提高教学质量。     

不同竞技能力体操运动员的非衡结构补偿研究

采用专家访谈法、问卷调查法、文献资料法和观察法,对不同优势能力类型体操运动员的非衡结构补偿问题进行了研究。研究结果表明:1)明确体操各单项竞技能力要素的功能大小是实施非衡结构补偿的必要前提。教练员应着眼于体操各单项运动技术与专项力量的协调,同时兼顾运动员柔韧素质的发展与形态指标的动态变化,突出对运动员翻转能力的培养,有针对性地对不同优势能力类型的体操运动员实施非衡结构补偿;2)以体操运动员上、下肢部位的力量优势能力为主线,并结合形态和柔韧素质的发展状况,对不同优势能力类型体操运动员实施非衡结构补偿至关重要。     

从第十一届全运会看我国女子体操水平现状分析

通过对比赛现场和录像资料的观察统计,对第十一届全运会女子体操比赛的团体、全能及单项的实力现状进行了深入的分析,研究结果表明:1)我国女子体操的团体实力大体上可分为以下三个军团:上海和广东为第一军团,北京、浙江和湖南为第二军团,湖北、贵州和广西为第三军团;2)我国女子全能前6名运动员的水平相差不大,但缺乏4个项目技术都很全面的优秀的全能型选手;3)四个单项中,跳马动作的难度总体不高,且参加决赛的8名运动员中有7人为地方队运动员,可见国家队在跳马项目上的实力有待加强;高低杠的实力除北京的何可欣最强外,广东的实力也非常雄厚,其次是上海和浙江;平衡木上最有实力的队是上海和湖南,比赛中出现了群雄逐鹿之格局,竞争异常激烈;自由体操实力最强的是上海队,包揽了该项的冠、亚军。     

新《体操二、三级运动员技术等级标准》的制定及推广中面临的问题和应对策略

对2006年版新《体操二、三级运动员技术等级标准》(以下简称新大纲)制定过程进行了回顾与梳理,并从不同的角度对新《大纲》在推广中面临的问题进行了分析。指出:新《大纲》动作比较适合在中学生中开展,但要使体操在学校中长期而健康的发展下去就必须建立起可持续发展的观念。文中还指出体操专业教师少,体育教师沉重的心理负担使体操在学校中开展受限;满足不同年龄阶段学生需求的阶梯式大纲体系及教委和体育局联合举办体操比赛的模式还未形成,是新《大纲》推广中面临的主要问题。本文针对上述问题提出了应对策略,旨在为我国各省市全面推广新《大纲》提供理论参考。     

艺术体操集体项目比赛战术应用研究

战术运用能力是运动员竞技能力构成的重要组成部分。在高水平竞技博弈中,决定运动员成绩的诸多因素相差无几的情况下,比赛战术制定的成功与否,运动员战术水平和运用能力的高低对比赛结果起着至关重要的作用。通过对第29届奥林匹克运动会中中国艺术体操队集体项目战术运用的分析与研究,总结出艺术体操集体项目战术运用的成功经验,并寻找出其规律,为艺术体操运动员成功参赛,发挥其最佳竞技水平提供参考。     

从第41届世界体操锦标赛看世界女子体操发展趋势与竞争格局

对第41届世锦标赛女子体操比赛的技术发挥情况和成绩进行了统计、分析和研究。结果表明：中国队以6金2银1铜总计9块奖牌雄居榜首,继续保持世界体坛霸主地位。女子项目上,中国队的成绩比去年奥运稍好,何可欣夺得高低杠冠军及小将邓琳琳在平衡木项目上登顶。     

体育专业研究生体操理论与实践技能教学探析

采用文献资料、实验观察、座谈访问、数理统计等研究方法对应聘体操教师的硕士研究生体操理论试讲与实践技能展示过程进行分析,得出结论：体育专业硕士研究生的专业技能水平相对偏低,且缺乏自信心与动作创新力,专业理论研究缺乏深度与广度,应加强其理论知识基础及实践技能的学习与掌握．经过本文的分析,希望能对从事体操教学工作者有所帮助,使得体操教学工作得以改进和完善．