Education of unaccompanied refugee minors in high-income countries: Risk and resilience factors

Record numbers of unaccompanied refugee minors continue to arrive in high-income countries seeking asylum and protection. Despite receiving educational support, unaccompanied refugee minors continue to be vulnerable to negative educational experiences and outcomes. The review investigates what resilience factors enable unaccompanied refugee minors in high-income countries to have positive educational experiences and outcomes. It aims to inform the literature on risk and resilience factors and the development of future interventions. Eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria for the review. Twenty-six factors were identified as risk and resilience factors related to five socio-ecological levels: child, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. The findings revealed significant heterogeneity. Microsystemic and mesosystemic factors were found to play the most important role in educational resilience. Meanwhile, young mothers, minors who experienced immigration detention, and minors whose immigration statuses are unknown or pending are sub-groups of unaccompanied refugee minors who are particularly vulnerable to risk. Findings are discussed with implications for future research, policy, and practice. Future studies need to elaborate whether their findings are particular to the condition of being unaccompanied or being refugee.     

基于系统动力学的种业国际化知识产权风险研究

在界定种业国际化知识产权风险影响因素的基础上，运用系统动力学方法构建风险研究模型，仿真模拟种业国际化知识产权风险的动态变化，探究各类影响因素之间及其对于种业国际化知识产权风险的作用关系。研究表明，种业国际化知识产权风险是一个复杂的动态系统，整体风险存在显著的累积效应；知识产权运营风险对整体风险的影响最大也最突出，各类子系统风险交织共振导致整体风险叠加扩大；各类子系统风险均与整体风险变化正相关，整体风险对知识产权特性风险和环境风险变化更加敏感。为了有效管理种业国际化知识产权风险，中国种业应采取强化风险预警和前馈控制、夯实知识产权运营能力、提高企业自主创新水平、实施区域差异化风险管理等措施。     

Laboratory safety and research productivity

Are laboratory safety practices a tax on scientific productivity? We examine this question by exploiting the substantial increase in safety regulations at the University of California following the shocking death of a research assistant in 2008. Difference-in-differences analyses show that relative to “dry labs” that use theoretical and computational methods, the publication rates of “wet labs” that conduct experiments using chemical and biological substances did not change significantly after the shock. At the same time, we find that wet labs that used dangerous compounds more frequently before the shock reduced their reliance on flammable materials and unfamiliar hazardous compounds afterward, even though their overall research agenda does not appear to be affected. Our findings suggest that laboratory safety may shape the production of science, but they do not support the claim that safety practices impose a significant tax on research productivity.