罗伯特A.史密斯——科学家与英国工业污染治理的历史个案

罗伯特A .史密斯是 1 9世纪英国著名的卫生化学家。他非常关注环境问题 ,不仅较早地开展了关于空气和水的状况的研究 ,于 1 872年创造“酸雨”一词 ,而且受李比希的影响 ,努力将所掌握的科技知识运用于现实问题的解决之中 ,终生致力于治理工业污染的工作。 1 864年他受命担任碱业检察员 ,带领检查团依据《碱业法》调查制碱厂盐酸冷凝情况。由于工作方式得当 ,受到厂主们的欢迎和支持。他主张延长和改进《碱业法》 ,试图扩大接受检查的工厂范围 ,为进一步治理工业污染作出了重大贡献。对史密斯及碱业检查团的任命体现了 1 9世纪下半叶英国政府聘任专家顾问以科学决策干预社会经济事务的趋势     

教育技术预测师——Robert A.Reiser教育技术学术思想探析

罗伯特·A·瑞泽是美国著名的教学设计和技术专家。文章回顾了他的学术生涯和贡献,评述了其在教育技术理论研究与实践创新等方面的主要贡献,分析了其学术思想的局限,最后阐述了他对中国教育技术研究的特殊意义。     

Determinants of foster care placement for the maltreated child

This study examined the records of the North Carolina Central Registry of Child Abuse and Neglect to determine which social, family, and child characteristics were most influential in the decision to place a child in foster care. These records contained all theoretically relevant factors as well as demographic data. Analysis included the computation of odds ratios for foster care for each of 250 variables. A maximum likelihood logistic regression model was constructed to obtain the independent and cumulative contribution of each factor. Some expected variables such as parental stress factors (substance abuse) and types of abuse (burns and scalds) placed a child at a significant risk for placement in foster care (p < 0.01). However, less obvious factors such as referral source (law enforcement agencies) or geographic area also placed children at risk. Overall, the model explained little of the variance of these decisions (R² = 0.168) and poorly predicted placement (sensitivity 66.3 per cent, specificity 74.6 per cent). Using existing data. we were unable to adequately describe the decision process in selecting foster care.     

修墙乎?拆墙乎?--浅析罗伯特·弗罗斯特《修墙》的复杂性

罗伯特.弗罗斯特,20世纪美国著名的诗人,他的诗以意象独特、寓意深长而著称,往往给读者看似简单其实复杂的感觉。《修墙乎?拆墙乎?》从弗罗斯特在《修墙》中所运用的反讽和隐喻手法等方面来分析该诗的复杂性。     

从相互依赖到全球主义--罗伯特·基欧汉新自由制度主义理论述评

罗伯特.基欧汉(R obert O.K eohane)是新自由制度主义的主要奠基人。由于他的不懈努力,新自由制度主义成为当今世界最具影响力的国际关系理论学派之一。相互依赖、国际机制、全球主义构成新自由制度主义理论体系的基本框架。     

冲突:现代主义视角下弗罗斯特诗歌的再解读(英文)

评论界曾经一度回避讨论罗伯特·弗罗斯特的归属问题,因为他的诗歌大多采用传统的格律形式,而同时代的作家都采用自由诗体。然而,在传统的面具下,足够的证据可以证明弗罗斯特的现代性。揭开他面具的方法之一就是对其诗歌进行主题分析。在弗罗斯特诗歌所呈现的众多主题中,冲突,一个现代主义的中心术语,便跃然纸上。虽然诗人多采用传统形式进行创作,但是在传统的表象底下却滚动着现代主义的暗流。     

论罗伯特·弗罗斯特诗歌中的象征主义

弗罗斯特是美国20世纪最伟大的诗人之一,其诗歌多以新英格兰乡村为背景,质朴清新、富含哲理。象征主义是弗罗斯特诗歌中常见的写作手法,为其貌似简单的诗歌更增了几分神秘色彩。本文以弗罗斯特的三首诗歌为例,透过诗歌表层意象,分析其内在的象征意义,深刻阐释其中的象征手法,以期更好地把握和欣赏弗罗斯特诗歌的丰富内涵。     

Influences of the Digest Classification System: What Can We Know?

Robert C. Berring has called West Publishing Company's American Digest System “the key aspect of the new form of legal literature” that West and other publishers developed in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Berring argued that West's digests provided practicing lawyers not only the means for locating precedential cases, but a “paradigm for thinking about the law itself” that influenced American lawyers until the development of online legal research systems in the 1970s. This article discusses questions raised by Berring's scholarship, and examines the late nineteenth and early twentieth century legal environment in which the West digests were created and became essential research tools for American lawyers.     

Re-writing English Education: A Review of Robert Yagelski’s Writing as a Way of Being

Given the Cartesian influence in mainstream American education, writing instruction has come to reflect a dualistic worldview, with the writer understood as an autonomous observer/knower. As such, writing instructors have the potential to convey problematic lessons about the self as entirely separate from the world. This essay delineates a corrective to the Cartesian mindset in mainstream writing instruction: Yagelski’s ontological theory of writing as a way of being-in-the-world. In the spirit of connectedness Yagelski espouses, I consider the ways in which Yagelski’s ontological theory of writing might work in tandem with Rosenblatt’s transactional theory of reading. Together, Yagelski and Rosenblatt allow English educators to reimagine reading and writing as activities with the ethical potential to repair the rifts of a dualistic worldview, and ultimately to reimagine English education as a field that breaks the Cartesian frame.