Social,Moral and Religious Attitudes of Secondary School Students

In Australian schools, "inclusion" is a term that is used to challenge a previously narrow focus on students with disabilities and their integration within and distribution amongst "mainstream" schools and classrooms. Nevertheless, this article argues that, as a concept, "inclusion" requires further broadening and deepening, particularly in arenas of practice, if it is to serve the interests of all students. Informed by notions of recognitive justice, the paper advocates rethinking inclusion to accommodate student differences in more socially just ways - emphasising students' contributions rather than their disabilities - and what this means for the organisation of classrooms and schools. Within the article, research data are focused primarily on students with learning disabilities and draw on twenty semi-structured interviews conducted with parents and teachers across six Australian state primary and secondary schools. Three sets of conditions are proposed as necessary for inclusive classroom and school processes: specifically, those that promote self-identity and respect, self expression and development and selfdetermination and decision-making.     

The gendering of global citizenship: findings from a large-scale quantitative study on global citizenship education experiences

The growing literature on the gendering of citizenship and citizenship education highlights that western notions of ‘citizenship’ have often been framed in a way that implicitly excludes women. At the same time, insofar as feminist writers have addressed citizenship, they have tended to see it in largely local and national terms. While feminist literature has laid the groundwork for understanding how schools have shaped and structured a gendered citizenry, there is a lack of large-scale quantitative data which might allow us to explore the intersection between gender and global citizenship education. Drawing on a large-scale quantitative study on development education/global citizenship education in second-level schools, the data presented here suggest that emergent notions of global citizenship are being gendered in schools. The data suggest that girls’ schools are more likely than other types of schools to emphasise a sense of responsibility for, and an analysis of, global inequalities, while differences also emerge between boys’ schools and co-educational schools.     

接纳与排斥——试析西欧中世纪教会和修会对妇女修道的矛盾态度及其思想根源

在西欧中世纪早期,基督教会积极支持妇女修道,因而出现了妇女修道的“黄金时代”。10—11世纪,改革后的教会极力排斥妇女,妇女修道随之急剧衰落。克吕尼、西多等修会最初敌视妇女,拒绝与妇女相联系,但是后来逐渐改变态度并向妇女敞开了修行的大门。从11世纪晚期到13世纪,普雷蒙特、吉尔伯特等采取双重体制的新修会在初创时期满足了广大妇女的宗教需求,但在其扩张结束后又逐渐限制妇女入会。西欧中世纪的教会和各修会都对妇女修道表现出既接纳又排斥的矛盾态度,这种态度的思想根源是西欧中世纪社会盛行的矛盾的＂妇女观＂——既厌恶妇女,又推崇贞女。     

历史学术语之争——以“反宗教改革”为例

近代早期的天主教历史十分复杂,围绕其展开的史学研究亦充满偏见与歧见。许多学者在研究过程中创造了用于解释历史现象的相关术语,以期能够更准确地还原这个历史时期天主教会的本来面目。这些解释体现了史学方法和史观之演变,有重要的学术史意义。本文试通过考察几位学者对"反宗教改革"之修正,揭示晚近有关近代早期天主教史研究的发展状况。     

侵权行为纵横谈——中国古代法与罗马法之比较

在比较古代中国与古罗马侵权行为法的历史发展基础上,从侵害财产与侵害人身两方面比较古中国和古罗马侵权行为法的差异.这种差异的存在原因是古中国和古罗马侵权行为法指导思想原则及实现目标的途径不同,根源在于两者由于社会历史原因而产生的强化还是弱化权利和个人价值的法律观念上.当前在制定侵权行为法时,应注意中外国情的差异及其由此造成的中国法律传统与外来法的差别,从而立足于本国法律传统和社会现实,吸收、融合有益的外来文化,以促使我国法制建设更具生命力.     

秦汉罗马体育文化研究

运用文献资料法、观察法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对《秦汉—罗马文明展》中折射的中西体育文化进行了分析研究。秦汉、罗马不同文明中的体育文化有相似之处,但在体育思想和活动内容上却各自独立、和而不同,共同推动了世界体育文化的发展。在世界日益融合发展的今天,加强中西方体育文化的交流对增进相互了解有重要的现实意义。     

近代英国圣公会在浙江的传教活动

英国圣公会于鸦片战争后派遣传教士来浙江传教,此后浙江便成为英国圣公会在华传教的发轫地区。英国圣公会传教士在浙江开展布道、学校教育、医疗等活动,其传教活动对浙江近代社会和文化生活都产生了重要影响。本文从检索史料入手,首次系统地对英国圣公会在浙江百年的传教活动进行梳理。     

A Thirteenth-Century Scholar in the Eastern Mediterranean: Sirāj al-Dīn Urmavī, Jurist,Logician, Diplomat

This essay examines the career of the Shafi?ī jurist and logician Sirāj al-Dīn Urmavī (1198–1283), who combined his scholarly and judicial activities with ambassadorial appointments to Frederick II, King of Sicily and Holy Roman Emperor, and the Ilkhan Hülegü. Originally from Azerbaijan, Sirāj al-Dīn spent most of his professional life in Ayyūbid Cairo and, from 1257, in Seljuk Konya, where he spent the final decades of his life as chief qadi. Through a contextualised reading of the extant biographical information for Sirāj al-Dīn, the article draws particular attention to two aspects of his physical and professional trajectory. First, the essay situates Sirāj al-Dīn's career in the context of processes of cultural change in thirteenth-century Anatolia. It seeks to demonstrate both the transfer and adaptation to the Anatolian urban milieu of social–cultural patterns attested for the a?yān in neighbouring predominantly Muslim societies, and the shaping of the social and cultural functions of immigrant scholars to Anatolia by local conditions. Second, the article identifies Sirāj al-Dīn as a prominent participant in an intellectual community engaged in inter-cultural exchange across political and confessional boundaries in the thirteenth-century eastern Mediterranean.     

Michaud,Montrond, Mazloum and the First History of the Crusades in Arabic

This short notice provides a novel and preliminary analysis of the source for the first Arabic history of the crusades, and contributes to the understanding of the penetration of the crusades as a distinct phenomenon into the Islamic world. The Arabic history, Min Ta?rīkh al-?urūb al-muqaddasa fī l-mashriq al-mad?ūwa ?arb al-?alīb was published in Jerusalem in 1865 under the authorship of the (late) Melkite patriarch, Maximos III Mazloum (d. 1855). The book was a modified translation of the French Les Guerres saintes d’Outre-Mer, ou tableau des croisades, retracé d’après les chroniques contemporaines, published in 1840 by Maxime de Montrond, who was heavily inspired by Michaud's Histoire des croisades. Though created in a Christian Francophile milieu, it seems clear that the Arabic translation was intended not only for a Christian audience, but also for a Muslim readership, as evidenced by examples, provided here, of the modifications of the French original.     

Louis IX in Medieval Arabic Sources: The Saint,the King,and the Sicilian Connection

This article examines the portrayal of Louis IX in medieval Arabic historiography to show the importance of cross-cultural Mediterranean interaction. It argues that the image of Louis was influenced by information originating from the Sicilian Hohenstaufen court and reports that Frederick II sent to Egypt. Arab historians connected to the courts of Frederick and Manfred disseminated a “Sicilian narrative” that shaped Louis's portrayal in Arabic historiography. This argument on the importance of cross-cultural transfer in understanding Arabic historiography is buttressed by reports about the King, the Pope, and the Emperor that are traced back to the entourage of prominent Muslims closely linked to Sicily. Moreover, it is argued that Arab authors were aware of Louis's proto-sanctity and pious reputation. This led to the infusion of medieval Arabic historiography with Western ideas about sacrosanctity. Finally, this research assesses how the portrayal of King Louis during his captivity was used in internal Muslim rivalries.