试论缪里尔·斯帕克创作中的后现代诉求

缪里尔·斯帕克是英国当代颇具影响的小说家,向来以"天主教作家"著称。其作品虽具有浓厚的宗教色彩,但不应限囿于宗教主题的解读范畴。事实上,斯帕克的宗教皈依认知具有后现代哲学思想意味。她的作品是开放的,包含着多种可能性的故事诉说,呈现出中心消解、主题多元、形象迭用、开放叙事的基本特色,折射出她创作中的后现代诉求。     

Book Review

This essay considers how teaching and learning may have functioned in late antique Roman classrooms by examining two texts: one is from the teacher’s perspective, the other – which, until recently, was unedited – provides some access to the student’s perspective. Despite much recent scholarly work on education in antiquity, there has been no attempt to bring teachers’ and students’ perspectives together through two contemporary sources from the Latin-speaking West. The first text is by Servius, a late antique teacher, whose Commentary provides detailed analysis of Virgil. The other comprises the Colloquia, containing ‘real life’ dialogues in Latin and Greek set in a school context. Through this comparison, the author aims to shed some light on what may have happened in a Latin-speaking classroom in late antiquity.     

Pediatric response to a large-scale child protection intervention

Objective

In a rural area of the US state of Texas, in April 2008, the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) responded to evidence of widespread child abuse in an isolated religious compound by removing 463 individuals into state custody. This mass child protection intervention is the largest such action that has ever occurred in the United States. The objective of this paper is to characterize the burdens placed on the area's community resources, healthcare providers, and legal system, the limitations encountered by the forensic and public health professionals, and how these might be minimized in future large-scale child protection interventions.

Methods

Drawing on publicly available information, this article describes the child abuse investigation, legal outcomes, experiences of pediatric healthcare providers directly affected by the mass removal, and the roles of regional child abuse pediatric specialists.

Results

Because the compound's residents refused to cooperate with the investigation and the population of the compound was eight times higher than expected, law enforcement and child protection resources were insufficient to conduct standard child abuse investigations. Local medical and public health resources were also quickly overwhelmed. Consulting child abuse pediatricians were asked to recommend laboratory and radiologic studies that could assist in identifying signs of child abuse, but the lack of cooperation from patients and parents, inadequate medical histories, and limited physical examinations precluded full implementation of the recommendations.

Conclusions

Although most children in danger of abuse were removed from the high-risk environment for several months and some suspected abusers were found guilty in criminal trials, the overall success of the child protection intervention was reduced by the limitations imposed by insufficient resources and lack of cooperation from the compound's residents.

Practice implications

Recommendations for community and child abuse pediatricians who may become involved in future large child-protection interventions are presented.     

罗马帝国的军队与君主制的确立

元首制的确立为罗马帝国带来两个世纪的和平与发展的黄金时代,但随着元首制缺陷的逐渐显露,军队随意废立元首,军事政变不断发生,军队成为国家真正的统治者和主宰者。戴克里先对政治体制进行新探索,为了加强君权,防止军队犯上作乱,确立了君主制,这标志着罗马帝国从元首制时期过渡到了君主制时期,成为晚期罗马帝国的开端。     

马修·阿诺德——英国国教的卫士

英国维多利亚时期宗教纷争,马修·阿诺德是国教的忠实拥护者,坚持国教统一,即重新定义国教,使其成为国家性道德机构,其实质是神学形式一元化但神学思想多元化。     

Emerging Issues in Academic Library Cataloging & Technical Services

This article responds to Jonathan Tuttle's article “The Aphasia of Modern Subject Access” in which Roman Jakobson's semiology of “shared codes” consisting of preexisting signs is offered as the explanation for two redundant linguistic tools associated with cataloging: LCSH and LCC. The article criticizes Tuttle's terminology, his semiology, and his argument that selection and combination are both necessary for the operation of language but each are associated with only one of these tools.

“The Aphasia of Modern Subject Access” by Jonathan Tuttle appears in Cataloging &; Classification Quarterly, Vol. 50, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 263—275. doi: 10.1080/01639374.2011.641199. Jonathan Tuttle's “Jakobsonian Library Science? A Response to David Bade” appears in Cataloging &; Classification Quarterly, Vol. 51, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 439—440. doi: 10.1080/01639374.2013.763321.     

Publishing in Library Journals

Summaries are given of papers of the Library and Information Literature Membership Initiative Group (LIL'MIG) at the 1982 American Library Association Conference in Philadelphia. Matters dealt with include: reasons for publishing, the mechanics of getting published, editing and refereeing and author-publisher protocol.     

西方英语文化根源与语言学习

众所周知,语言植根于一定的文化之中,只有把语言学习和文化认知有机结合起来,才能使学生走出传统学习误区。西方文化主要有两大来源:《圣经》和希腊、罗马神话故事。这两大来源对西方国家的社会生活、文化艺术和风俗习惯有着深远的影响。如果能将这两大来源的相关文化知识融入教学过程中,那教与学都将达到事半功倍的效果。     

茵加尔登现象学原理视界下的钢琴伴奏艺术阐释

立足于现象学的研究方法,以钢琴伴奏对音乐作品的二度创作为研究对象,从“双主体”再创作的特殊行为出发,探讨伴奏中意识活动如何参与音乐作品的意向性构造,旨在体现一种将“自下而上”的研究方法引入元理论和用元理论赋予具体二度创作环节全新解读的双重尝试.     

古希腊罗马：体育法制文明的先驱

体育法的历史和体育的历史同样久远。古希腊罗马时代是体育法制文明的先驱,出现了包括法律、传统和习惯的各类规制体育活动、体育比 赛与体育生活的法律规范。古希腊是古代体育法的萌芽时期,各个希腊城邦参加奥运会的规矩、奥运会自身的比赛规则、城邦对体育行为的管理等 分别构成了体育国际法、体育自治法和体育国内法最早的雏形。这一时期,体育法有多样性、体育性和实践性3大特点。在古罗马,尤其是优士丁尼 时期,体育法得到了进一步的发展,立法者将体育法融入罗马市民法,规定了体育不同于娱乐的特殊地位和运动员的特别法律身份。与古希腊相 比,古罗马的体育法在形式上较为单一,主要以体育国内法为主,但展现了较高的立法技术,具有早期的军事性、后期的娱乐性和全面的社会性特 征。研究表明：（1）古代体育法客观存在,并经历了从萌芽到发达的过程;（2）古代体育法具有厚重的历史基础,它们是历史地形成的;（3）以古希腊 罗马体育法为代表的古代体育法制文明奠定了现代体育法的论域基础。