A mixed-methods analysis of achievement disparities in Guatemalan primary schools

Although most Guatemalan rural students currently have access to primary school, there are large differences in the levels of learning that take place among different populations and in different contexts. This paper uses multiple data and methods to examine the interrelated factors underlying achievement disparities in Guatemalan primary schools. The research suggests that strong levels of disadvantage connected to attending schools in poor rural communities are connected to systematic differences in the way school quality is supported in different contexts. There are inadequate resources, capacity, and authority to monitor and enforce fundamental educational issues, especially in marginal communities.     

Differentiated instruction in small schools

Rural areas in the alpine regions suffer from dwindling student numbers. Differentiated instruction (DI) could help improve the teaching culture by allowing instructors to better adapt to heterogeneous student groups. At the beginning of a combined research and school improvement project, a survey of 162 teachers and 1180 students was conducted to obtain an overview of the types of DI that are currently practiced. In addition, we examined the school conditions that supported the implementation of DI. This cross-sectional study demonstrates a difference in practices between teachers with more- and less-developed DI cultures, and it was determined that team collaboration that includes pedagogical topics enhances teachers' use of DI.     

“边山穷”地区研究生培养模式的初步实践——以吉首大学生态学研究生培养为例

基于对吉首大学生态学硕士点建设和研究生培养体系构建的实践,提出了＂四助—四育—五能推进式＂研究生综合素质与能力培养模式,即通过助研、助教、助管、助宣的一系列工作,加强研究生的政治思想教育、专业教育、创新教育和管理教育,以推进研究生五能（能忍、能想、能说、能写、能做）综合素质的发展。这一模式可为我国其他＂边山穷＂地区生态学及其相关专业硕士点的建设和研究生培养提供参考。     

生态服务型经济的理论与实践

文章试图通过"生态服务型经济"这一模式,将中国城乡二元结构中经济和生态方面的显著差异和内在矛盾统一起来。通过对比北京城镇系统与自然系统的差异,以"生态系统服务"理论为基础,提出城乡之间可以通过交换"生态产品"来进行生态交易。根据享受产品、支持产品和调节产品三类生态产品的特点,可以通过不同方式将生态资源转化为生态产品,并通过附加值交易、生态区交易、碳交易等手段,使其纳入市场运行体系,促进山区农民致富转变和城镇居民生态需求得到满足,从而破解山区经济与生态的矛盾及城乡一体化难题。生态服务型经济将成为北京发展的新亮点,并为我国可持续发展战略和解决城乡一体化问题提供良好的思路和途径。     

对草根NGO图书馆的思考

草根非政府组织(NGO)图书馆是由草根NGO所筹建并运营的一种特殊的民办图书馆,具有非营利性、公益性和组织性等特点。立人乡村图书馆聚集地方资源在全国各地创办图书馆,通过高品质的藏书和多样化的经营模式针对青少年提供服务,具有很大的社会影响力。同时,它也跟其他草根NGO图书馆一样面临着法律、资源、管理和人员等多方面的困境,需要从内外两个角度探索持续发展之路。     

The Challenges and Opportunities of Sustaining Volunteer-Based Rural Libraries

ABSTRACT

In an era of rural service decline and population aging, some rural libraries rely on volunteers to keep them open within the community. This paper outlines the challenges of sustaining such volunteer-based rural libraries, drawing on a case study of a volunteer-based library in rural Ontario, Canada. Findings suggest that age of volunteers, volunteer participation, territoriality, branch polarization and the burden of volunteering present challenges in sustaining the volunteer program at the library, yet the library contributes to the community through community engagement, enabling aging in place and through economic development. The paper concludes with recommendations from the case study on how the sustain such a volunteer program.     

图书馆致力于新农村建设的现实意义探究

当前,新农村的精神文化建设势在必行。作为新农村文化建设的重要组成部分,图书馆在新农村建设中扮演着十分重要的角色,发挥着提供知识、巩固教育及提升素养等关键性作用。因此,图书馆若要推动新农村建设的持续性,应采取建设信息共享中心、村校结合、关注特殊群体等措施,让图书馆真正和谐地走进农村。     

42例农村急性闭角型青光眼误诊原因分析

青光眼是目前国内外首要致盲眼病之一。在我国发病率为0.21%～1.64%,致盲率为10%～20%。急性闭角型青光眼是一种发病迅速、危害性大、随时导致失明的常见疑难眼病,为老年人主要眼病之一。故对急性闭角型青光眼的早期治疗极为重要,早发现、早诊断和及时有效的治疗可最大限度地挽救视功能。     

贵州乡村文化遗产名录数据库设计研究——以黔东南巴拉河流域季刀苗寨为例

乡村文化遗产名录数据库是数字化保护文化遗产的重要手段之一,特别是在当前社会信息化程度密集发展的进程中,通过对乡村文化遗产名录的数据库设计以及应用研究,可以有效地展示和充分发挥乡村文化遗产的价值.对此,季刀苗寨就是一个案例.     

西部山区农村家庭陪读行为对儿童成长的影响

随着农村中小学布局调整政策实施的深入推进,我国各地撤销了大量规模较小的村校或教学点。农村学校撤点并校后,大批的中小学生转到乡镇中心学校读书,从而引发了农村地区家庭陪读的风潮。研究以贵州省K县H乡中心小学为个案,通过对西部山区农村家庭陪读现象进行实地调查。全面分析陪读对儿童成长的影响。