以体育提升都市文化内涵，促进上海体育——创新驱动、转型发展

上海“十二五”规划将“增强体育发展能力,塑造时尚魅力的国际文化大都市”列为未来发展的重点和目标之一。体育在塑造上海国际文化大都市中有着独特的价值,能够为上海国际文化大都市建设提供有力的文化条件和支撑。研究还提出提升都市体育文化内涵,促进上海体育创新驱动、转型发展的对策：实现都市生活体育文化的创新;实现城市体育文化发展模式的创新;通过赛事运作机制创新,形成上海体育文化品牌和特色;通过体育文化产业创新,充分发挥体育文化产业对上海城市发展的作用等。     

USB接口在数据采集系统中的应用

通用串行总线（USB）作为一种标准的计算机可以支持快速、双向、同步传输及热插拔,使用灵活、方便。本文介绍了一个USB数据采集系统的设计过程,重点阐述了USB通信接口和USB设备软件设计两个部分。     

国际科学教育发展的对比研究——理念、主题与实践的革新

科学教育的重要性不在于传递给学习者确定性的知识,而在于让他们学会把知识作为认知世界的方式,以应对世界的不确定性。21世纪国际科学教育发展以人类可持续发展为指向,以培育科学素养为目标,注重渗透科学本质教育,关注通过深度与连贯的课程搭建科学学习的"共同基础",利用技术激发和融合科学教育创新,强调科学与人文的统一,发挥非正式学习的重要作用,并通过国际评估提升质量。对于科学教育及其重要性的新认识推动着国际科学教育的持续变革,这些趋势对于我国科学教育的战略转型具有启示意义。     

Synthesis and properties of hyper-dispersants

The synthesis and properties of three kinds of hyper-dispersants are studied in this paper, which are non-terminated, carboxyl-terminated and polyethylene imine grafted poly(hydroxyl carboxylic acid) ester. The hyper-dispersants are synthesized by the materials of 12-hydroxy-stearic acid, stearic acid and polyethylene imine, which are used to improve the dispersion properties of nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) in low-concentration resin solution system. The influences of hyper-dispersants on the viscosity and stability of the system are studied. It is found that polyethylene imine grafted hyper-dispersant has the best dispersion performance in nano-TiO₂ dispersion system, and the optimal content of the hyper-dispersant is 4%. Project supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Disciplines (Grant No.T0105), and the Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile (Donghua University), Ministry of Education of China     

香港儿童青少年阅读研究与推广

进入21世纪以来,香港儿童青少年阅读能力大幅度提高,在两项重要的国际性教育评价项目PIRLS和PISA中均有突出表现,充分显示了香港在青少年阅读研究与推广方面的实绩与成就。本文从香港特殊的历史文化背景出发,对香港儿童青少年阅读的研究与推广进行考察和分析。     

Do education and income affect support for democracy in Muslim countries? Evidence from the Pew Global Attitudes Project

Using micro-level public opinion data from the Pew Global Attitudes Project 2005, this study investigates the effect of educational attainment and income on support for democracy in five predominantly Muslim countries: Indonesia, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, and Turkey. Holding all else constant and compared to not finishing primary education, this study finds that secondary education and higher education encourage support for democracy in Jordan, Lebanon and Pakistan. The results therefore suggest that support for democracy is a social benefit of education in Jordan, Lebanon, and Pakistan. Regarding income, the results indicate that relative to the poor, those belonging to middle-income groups are more supportive of democracy in Lebanon and Turkey. Curiously, there is no statistical relationship between belonging to the richest groups and supporting democracy.     

发展理念转变与安徽"十二五"规划的制定

制定＂十二五＂规划,要研究和反思＂十一五＂规划制定与实施的经验和教训,发展理念从速度型发展转向科学型发展。科学型发展的五年规划是以科学发展观这一当代中国最大的发展理念为指导制定的。转变发展理念,安徽制定＂十二五＂规划要与中央的发展理念相一致,才具有鲜明的时代精神。安徽五年规划的制定应准确把握安徽发展的阶段性特征,科学确定＂十二五＂发展的目标定位、战略取向和重点任务,凸显自身的创新性特色。     

Contractual governance and the choice of dispute-resolution mechanisms: Evidence on technology licensing

In fast-paced and knowledge-intensive environments, licensing partnerships can be powerful levers for market expansion. Research on the management of technology-oriented licenses has nonetheless pointed out the risks of corrosive disputes caused by conflicting interests or misunderstandings among licensing partners. The choice made ex ante on mechanisms for resolving potential disputes is of prime importance in the execution of licensing exchanges. Although the legal literature has widely emphasized the advantages of arbitration towards litigation, public ordering remains the “default” option in managers’ eyes. By adopting a transaction cost economics logic, our study explores the conditions under which licensing partners may prefer arbitration over public ordering during the contractual-design phase. In accordance with our theoretical arguments, findings show that the occurrence of arbitration provisions increases when the coordination orientation adopted by licensing partners is extensive. In situations where both monitoring and coordination orientations are simultaneously extensive, results reveal a greater propensity to prefer arbitration over public ordering. Our research therefore supports the view that corporate decision-makers tend to favor the conciliatory stance and compromising awards typically associated with arbitration, only when exchanges are expected to be highly coordinative. Their preference for arbitration over litigation is magnified when the coordination orientation develops alongside the monitoring orientation.     

University licensing and the flow of scientific knowledge

As university involvement in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has increased, concerns over the patenting and licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on journal citations to academic publications covering the same scientific research. We analyze data on invention disclosures, patents, and licenses from the University of California, a leading U.S. academic patenter and licensor, between 1997 and 2007. We also develop a novel “inventor-based” maximum-likelihood matching technique to automate and generalize Murray's (2002) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University of California patents and licenses.Based on a “difference-in-differences” analysis, we find that within our sample of patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license, although this difference is not statistically significant. We then disaggregate our sample into (a) patented discoveries that are likely to be used as “research tools” by other researchers (based on the presence of material transfer agreements (MTAs) that cover them) and (b) patented discoveries not covered by MTAs. Citations to publications linked to licensed patents in the latter subset (not covered by MTAs) are higher for publications linked to licensed patents, and this difference is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may restrict the flow of inputs to “follow-on” scientific research.     

Joint ventures and technology adoption: A Chinese industrial policy that backfired

To spur technology transfer, emerging market policymakers often require foreign firms to form joint ventures (JVs) with domestic firms. Through knowledge spillovers, JVs may reduce technology acquisition costs for domestic firms. Yet domestic firm rents from JVs could discourage innovation through a cannibalization effect. Which force dominates is an empirical question. I address it with novel data on China's auto sector. In response to fuel economy standards requiring firms to upgrade technology or sacrifice quality, firms with JVs reduced quality and price relative to their counterparts. Consistent with cannibalization, firms with JVs drive the negative effect.