区域视角下我国田径竞技实力特征研究

采用文献资料法、数理统计法与对比分析法,以我国第7—11届全运会田径比赛前八名运动员成绩为依据,借鉴经济学区域划分理论对我国参加全运会田径比赛的各区域竞技实力进行定量研究。结果表明,我国田径运动具有竞技实力区域性、男女子区域差异性、竞技实力动态性、整体实力与绝对实力高度相关四大特征。认为,各地区要因地制宜,把握地理环境优势,发挥地域、区域文化的积极效应;政府宏观调控,保优促劣;以科技为主导,提高竞技田径训练科学化水平;拓宽田径市场,争取资金来源,以促进我国竞技田径健康、可持续发展。     

快速力量训练负荷的确定

确定适宜的训练负荷是力量训练的核心,力量训练中负荷所涉及的任何一个变量发生变化都会影响力量训练的效果。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,重点探讨快速力量训练中负荷强度的范围,并以举重、乒乓球项目为例,分析不同项目快速力量训练负荷强度特征。并对最大功率法负荷强度的确定、快速力量训练中的动作速度、练习的重复次数和组数、组间间歇等变量进行分析和评述,旨在丰富快速力量训练理论,为训练实践提供理论参考。     

我国大学生排球联赛实力分析与对策研究

以全国58所高水平排球运动队建设的高校为研究对象,采用文献资料法、巴雷托分析法等研究方法。目的是为各参赛高校从繁杂的数据信息中梳理出有利于竞争决策的信息。研究表明教育部确定的招收高水平排球运动队的学校大多集中在华东、华北地区;我国高校高水平排球运动队的总体实力优势主要在华东和华北地区;采用巴雷特分析法将我国高校高水平排球队实力状况进行划分,并对其建设及和可持续发展提出相应的对策。     

贵州关岭生物群国家地质公园旅游营销的SWOT分新

在贵州省进一步支持安顺加快经济社会发展意见的背景下,结合关岭生物群国家地质公园的现状,对公园进行旅游营销的SWOT分析。为决策部门提供参考,以使其持续、健康、快速发展,早日成功申报世界地质公园。     

索契冬奥会我国冰雪竞技运动备战策略研究

运用文献资料、数理统计、逻辑分析等研究方法,对我国冰雪竞技运动的整体实力及发展现状进行了研究。发现虽然在冬奥会上的成绩表明我国已经处于世界冰雪强国的第二集团,但其依然存在优势项目、潜优势项目较少;冰雪运动普及程度较低、高水平地域分布差异较大;高水平后备人才较少、可持续性发展不足等问题。为此提出,提高冰雪运动普及程度、缩小各地域竞技水平差异,实现均衡发展;巩固优势项目、培养潜优势项目、提升弱势项目;加强人才资源的开发与培养的发展思路,为索契冬奥会我国冰雪运动的再创辉煌提供参考。     

浅谈高职高专体育教学改革的几个问题

体育教学是高职高专教学中不可或缺的重要组成部分,对于学生的全面发展起着十分重要的作用。高职高专体育应积极深化教学改革,以“健康第一”为指导原则,努力加强学生思想品德建设,培养学生树立“终身体育”意识,引导学生树立正确积极的人生观,为培养全面发展的新型高技能人才作贡献。     

室内风机延时对空调衰减系数Cd影响的研究

介绍Cd的计算方法,试验研究了室内风机延时时间对Cd系数的影响。测试数据表明,为实现最低的Cd系数,室内风机的延时时间存在一个最佳数值;测试的机组,其最佳延时时间为120秒。风机延时可以提高整机SEER大约0．2,即1．3％。     

Prophylactic effect of hot pack on symptoms of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of the wrist extensors

Abstract

This study investigated whether hot pack treatment could provide prophylactic effects on muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise of the wrist extensors. Twenty-eight healthy men (age 21±1 years, weight 65±16 kg, height 171±6 cm) were randomly placed into hot pack (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups. All participants performed an exercise consisting of 300 maximal eccentric contractions of the wrist extensors of the non-dominant arm using an isokinetic dynamometer. A hot pack was applied for 20 min to the wrist extensors of the exercised arm before the exercise for the hot pack group. The control group received no treatment before the exercise. Measured variables included pain intensity assessed by a visual analogue scale and a modified Likert's scale, cold thermal pain threshold, pressure pain threshold (PPT), range of motion in active wrist flexion (ROM-AF) and extension (ROM-AE), range of motion in passive wrist flexion (ROM-PF) and extension (ROM-PE), grip strength, and wrist extension strength. Changes in these variables before, immediately after, and 1 to 8 days following the exercise were compared between groups by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. All outcome measures from both groups (except for the cold thermal pain threshold of the hot pack group) demonstrated a significant change within the first 2–3 days following exercise. Significant differences between groups were only found at a single point in time for PPT, ROM-PF, ROM-PE and ROM-AE, and the changes were smaller for the hot pack group in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that the prophylactic effects of hot pack treatment on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of the wrist extensors are limited.     

Sex-related differences in joint-angle-specific hamstring-to-quadriceps function following fatigue

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fatiguing exercise on sex-related differences in the function of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at several angular velocities and joint angles. Physically active participants (50 male: 28.7?±?4.5y, 1.82?±?0.07 m, 82.3?±?6.87?kg; 50 female: 27.0?±?5.8y, 1.61?±?0.08 m, 68.75?±?9.24?kg) carried out an isokinetic assessment to determine concentric and eccentric torques during knee extension and flexion actions at three different angular velocities (60/180/300°/s). The H/Q_FUNCT was calculated using peak torque (PT) values at 3 different joint-angle-specific (15°, 30° and 45° of knee flexion). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare within group results. Between group comparisons of sex-related differences were assessed by independent T-tests. Fatiguing exercise in males resulted in a decrease in H/Q_FUNCT ratios for each angle of knee flexion at both 60°/s and 300°/s angular velocities (p?<?0.05). In females, significant decreases in H/Q_FUNCT ratios were observed following fatiguing exercise for each angle of knee flexion and angular velocity (p?<?0.01). Significant differences in H/Q_FUNCT ratios following fatiguing exercise were evident between males and females at each joint angle and angular velocity (p?<?0.01). These findings indicate sex related differences in H/Q_FUNCT ratios following fatiguing exercise. Females have greater reductions in torque and H/Q_FUNCT ratios following fatigue than their male counterparts. This potentially exposes females to higher risks of injury, particularly when fatigued. Practitioners should attend to the imbalance in fatigue resistance of hamstring and quadriceps function, particularly in female athletes.     

Analysis of the training load during a hypertrophy-type resistance training programme in men and women

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the specific training load during a resistance training (RT) programme designed to increase muscular hypertrophy in men and women. Thirty-four women (22.7 ± 4.1 years, 58.8 ± 11.9 kg, 162.6 ± 6.2 cm and 22.1 ± 3.6 kg.m^?2) and 30 men (22.7 ± 4.4 years, 68.4 ± 9.0 kg, 174.5 ± 6.6 cm and 22.5 ± 2.4 kg.m^?2) underwent a supervised RT programme that was divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. Training consisted of 10–12 exercises performed with three sets of 8–12 repetitions at repetition maximum resistances performed 3 times per week on nonconsecutive days. There was a significant (P < 0.05) main effect for gender by time interaction for average training load of all the exercises performed in the first 8 weeks of RT with women showing a higher relative increase than men (+43.6% vs. +32.5%, respectively). This result was not observed during the second 8-week phase of the RT programme during which no significant gender by time interaction (P > 0.05) was shown with both genders having a similar relative increase (+28.7% vs. +24.3%, respectively). Women had a higher increase than men in specific average training load of the upper limb exercises during both the first 8 weeks of training (+30.2% vs. +26.6%, respectively) and the second 8 weeks of training (+31.1% vs. +25.3%, respectively). We conclude that the adaptation in specific training load is influenced by gender.