Intercultural competence in tourism and hospitality: Self-efficacy beliefs and the Dunning Kruger effect

This study aims to measure intercultural competence (awareness) of tourism and hospitality employees who tend to be in continuous interaction with intercultural customers. By comparing the results of a self-report awareness test/scale with the results of a knowledge-based test, the study shows that employees not only have extremely low intercultural competence, they also exaggerate their intercultural awareness/competence. Hence, in addition to the implications for intercultural competence/awareness of tourism and hospitality employees and for the businesses for which they work, the study has also implications regarding the measurement ability of self-report scales/tests.     

Evaluating courses: an examination of the impact of student gender

Previous research into the effects of gender differences on course evaluations has failed to take into account a number of intervening variables. In part 1 of the present study a questionnaire was administered to 504 female and male students measuring whether they noticed, remembered things, and related to others. These are all measures which have been linked to evaluation abilities. Females were found to score more highly on all three. In part 2 of the study 23 presentations of a course were evaluated, and it was shown that females and males do respond differently. Females evaluated certain, but not all, aspects of the courses more favourably, but the pattern of differences varied depending on whether the measure used was a structured or an open‐ended evaluation.     

国家教育进展评估的效度研究

作为一项得到广泛认可的教育绩效指标,国家教育进展评估(NAEP)是美国数十年来用于跟踪和了解教育进展的重要工具,也是全美初等教育与中等教育状况的晴雨表。它是美国当前唯一一项定期对小学、初中和高中学生的教育成就进行的全国性调查,在新测试技术的发展过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文对NAEP的发展历史进行综述和总结,同时对当前NAEP所面临的效度问题,如跨年级(纵向)量表以及在分数报告中使用表现水平的做法等进行评论。     

The development of dance attitude scales

This research report describes the development of dance attitude scales which were 'grounded' in the opinions of groups of 11-16-year-old pupils in six schools throughout England. Factor analyses involving an initial sample of 368 male and female secondary school pupils produced four embryonic scales which were then tested with a sample of 1,668 adolescents. Satisfactory internal reliability coefficients were achieved and scale intercorrelations provided evidence of the scales as distinct measures. Further analyses undertaken to test validity employing data from the larger sample indicated that two of the proposed scales, Ballet and Male Dancers, may be valid measures of attitude, although less confidence can be placed in the third and fourth scales. Suggestions are made for the development and application of the inventory.     

汉语水平考试与《国际汉语能力标准》挂钩研究报告

汉语水平考试(筒称HSK)是考查考生在生活、学习和工作中运用汉语进行交际的能力的国际性考试。HSK从1984年开始研制,1990年在国内正式组织实施,1991年推向海外。《国际汉语能力标准》由国家汉办于2007年颁布,是适应各国汉语教学需求而制定的,是指导国际汉语教学的纲领性文件。作为两大汉语能力标准,它们之间是怎样的关系?本报告采取定性和定量研究相结合的方法,在组织了883名考生参加HSK考试及近100名专家及教师进行相关研讨的基础上,给出了两者之间的对应关系。     

Investigating the theoretical structure of the DAS‐II core battery at school age using Bayesian structural equation modeling

Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) was used to investigate the latent structure of the Differential Ability Scales—Second Edition core battery using the standardization sample normative data for ages 7–17. Results revealed plausibility of a three‐factor model, consistent with publisher theory, expressed as either a higher‐order (HO) or a bifactor (BF) model. The results also revealed an alternative structure with the best model fit, a two‐factor BF model with Matrices (MA) and Sequential and Quantitative Reasoning (SQ) loading on g only with no respective group factor loading. This was only the second study to use BSEM to investigate the structure of a commercial ability test and the first to use a large normative sample and the specification of both approximate zero cross‐loadings and correlated residual terms. It is believed that the results produced from the current study will advance the field's understanding of not only the factor structure of the DAS‐II core battery but also the potential utility of BSEM in psychometric investigations of intelligence test structures.     

国内外写作评分量表的对比研究

国外考试项目的写作通常采用小评分量表综合评分法,国内则采用大评分量表综合评分或分项评分法。国外写作评分量表的描述具体、详细,层次清楚,各评分等级间的差别可鉴别,便于评卷者操作。与小评分量表相比,评卷者在大评分量表下不能使用全距分值,容易给出趋中分数,评分员间的评分一致性较差。据此,得出小评分量表下"整体描述+分项具体描述"的综合评分法较大评分量表的综合评分法准确度高,评卷者易于掌握,评卷效率高,评分误差小,考试的公平性也可以得到有效保障。     

基于小波域的视频关键帧选择算法

视频关键帧的选择算法基于小波变换（discrete wavelet transform,DWT）特征、多分辨率处理及统计技术。算法在不同分辨率下结合视觉掩蔽特性、视频帧相关性分析小波系数并统计,根据统计结果选择合适的阈值,最后通过比较选择出视频关键帧。结果表明,该算法能选择视频关健帧,选择效果优于以像素估计、块估计等与图像内容无关的算法,且简单易行。     

基于PAD情绪量表的语言表现力研究

从情感的角度出发,对语音表现力标注的问题进行了研究,提出了一种新的语音表现力标注量表。实验表明,该量表数据结果能较好反映语音表现力,而且测试结果一致性有了明显提高。     

宁陕小头蛇(Oligodon Ningshnensis)的微皮纹模式

对宁陕小头蛇(Oligodon Ningshanensis)雌雄个体不同部位的鳞片进行扫描电镜观察研究,结果表明宁陕小头蛇背鳞无鳞棱和端窝,其显微皮纹结构特征属于canaliculate型,观察结果可作为蛇类微皮纹研究的参考和蛇类分类鉴定的依据.