A faceted approach to conceptualizing tasks in information seeking

The nature of the task that leads a person to engage in information interaction, as well as of information seeking and searching tasks, have been shown to influence individuals’ information behavior. Classifying tasks in a domain has been viewed as a departure point of studies on the relationship between tasks and human information behavior. However, previous task classification schemes either classify tasks with respect to the requirements of specific studies or merely classify a certain category of task. Such approaches do not lead to a holistic picture of task since a task involves different aspects. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a faceted classification of task, which can incorporate work tasks and information search tasks into the same classification scheme and characterize tasks in such a way as to help people make predictions of information behavior. For this purpose, previous task classification schemes and their underlying facets are reviewed and discussed. Analysis identifies essential facets and categorizes them into Generic facets of task and Common attributes of task. Generic facets of task include Source of task, Task doer, Time, Action, Product, and Goal. Common attributes of task includes Task characteristics and User’s perception of task. Corresponding sub-facets and values are identified as well. In this fashion, a faceted classification of task is established which could be used to describe users’ work tasks and information search tasks. This faceted classification provides a framework to further explore the relationships among work tasks, search tasks, and interactive information retrieval and advance adaptive IR systems design.     

Google搜索Web服务在智能知识服务平台中的应用

通过实例阐述了使用Google SOAP Search API在智能知识服务平台中实现信息搜索功能的关键技术。     

Locating information within extended hypermedia

New literacies researchers have identified a core set of strategies for locating information, one of which is “reading a Web page to locate information that might be present there” (Leu et al. in: Rush, Eakle, Berger (eds) Secondary school reading and writing: What research reveals for classroom practices, 2007, p. 46). Do middle-school, high school, and undergraduate students (N = 51) differ in effectiveness at locating information within extended hypermedia? Students completed a pretest measure of knowledge about the circulatory system. They then gave verbal answers to 10 researcher-developed questions about the circulatory system, which they answered by searching the environment and thinking aloud about the task. Consistent with large-scale national and international studies, students were only moderately successful at locating information. Successfully locating information was significantly associated with having more prior knowledge, efficient searching, and giving better quality answers to the researcher-posed questions. It was also associated with specific strategies only at the level of individual questions. That is, the “ideal” strategy depended on the question and how the answer was phrased in the text. Implications of the results for teaching students how to search in hypermedia are offered.     

网络社区“人肉搜索”:自组织的生产与道德自律

本文通过对以猫扑社区为主的人肉搜索系统发展历程和重大事件的分析,认为人肉搜索具有自组织特征,其自生长、自适应的历程表明它能够在公权力的尊重和引导下通过自我净化实现道德自律。     

网络计量学研究进展

网络计量学是随着网络技术的发展而涌现的一个新的研究领域 ,搜索引擎的性能、网页质量评价、网络影响因子概念、网上知识发现等都属其研究范围 ,目前在我国还处于试验和探索阶段。参考文献 2 3。     

主动组织遗忘对企业突破式创新的影响——外部知识搜寻宽度的中介作用

主动组织遗忘对企业组织实现突破式创新具有重要意义。利用江浙沪皖地区268家企业的515份样本数据,以外部知识搜寻宽度作为中介变量,研究主动组织遗忘和突破式创新的关系。研究结果显示:主动组织遗忘的两个维度忘却学习和避免恶习均对突破式创新产生显著的正向影响;外部新旧知识的搜寻宽度在主动组织遗忘和突破式创新之间均起到部分中介作用。     

慢性肾脏病中医医案解析及管理系统设计与实现

慢性肾脏病是一种严重威胁人类健康的全球性疾病,中医在预防和治疗慢性肾脏病上具有一定优势。中医医案是中医诊疗过程的记录,蕴含着丰富的中医学术思想与临床经验。基于 Java EE 结合模式匹配技术,设计开发了慢性肾脏病中医医案解析与管理系统,实现慢性肾脏病中医医案患者基本信息、病史信息、诊断信息、住院信息、出院信息、理化检查信息等记录的解析、存储与管理。该系统有利于中医医疗人员对慢性肾脏病中医医案的分析、利用与管理,促进中医在治疗慢性肾脏病方面更好地发展。     

基于Lucene技术的全文检索网络教学系统的研究与设计

在网络教学平台加入定制的Lucene全文搜索引擎,实现了针对各种类型教育资源的全文索引/检索功能。通过在网络教学平台上的应用测试,证明了在网络教学平台上构建一个全文检索引擎是成功的,可以对网络教学平台站内网页中各种教学资源进行全文检索。     

Effect of verbal instructions and image size on visual search strategies in basketball free throw shooting

We assessed the effects on basketball free throw performance of two types of verbal directions with an external attentional focus. Novices ( n = 16) were pre-tested on free throw performance and assigned to two groups of similar ability ( n = 8 in each). Both groups received verbal instructions with an external focus on either movement dynamics (movement form) or movement effects (e.g. ball trajectory relative to basket). The participants also observed a skilled model performing the task on either a small or large screen monitor, to ascertain the effects of visual presentation mode on task performance. After observation of six videotaped trials, all participants were given a post-test. Visual search patterns were monitored during observation and cross-referenced with performance on the pre- and post-test. Group effects were noted for verbal instructions and image size on visual search strategies and free throw performance. The 'movement effects' group saw a significant improvement in outcome scores between the pre-test and post-test. These results supported evidence that this group spent more viewing time on information outside the body than the 'movement dynamics' group. Image size affected both groups equally with more fixations of shorter duration when viewing the small screen. The results support the benefits of instructions when observing a model with an external focus on movement effects, not dynamics.     

浅谈Internet与化学

随着信息高速公路的发展 ,Internet与化学研究、教学的联系日益紧密 ,本文从Internet所提供的几种主要服务入手 ,简要地介绍了化学工作者如何利用Internet进行国内、国际间学术的交流和讨论 ,以及因此而给化学研究、教学带来的巨大推动力