对外汉语教材中翻译的功能和原则--以"老师"和"脸谱"为例

对外汉语教材中的翻译常被人诟病,甚至被认为是“对外汉语教学领域中进展最为滞后的方面“.本文认为,教材(特别是初级教材)中的生词翻译,其主要功能是在概念意义上帮助学习者理解,不能要求翻译承担“解决学习者语言表达问题“的责任,对翻译的不少批评其实都起源于对翻译功能的过高要求.本文指出,教学目的和侧重点不同,翻译时就会采用不同的原则,依据目的语规则是一种做法,依据母语规则是另一种做法;原则的不同会引起译文质量以及学习者心理感受的差别,但这些差别也许和学习效果的好坏并无直接联系,比较别扭的译文也许更容易引起学习者对相关目的语知识的注意,从而促进习得.     

“大跃进”运动开始时间新论

“大跃进”运动开始或“正式”开始于1958年5月的中共八大二次会议,这是目前史学界通行的看法。其实,“大跃进”运动开始于1957年10月。“大跃进”运动是作为“社会主义建设总路线”的产物出现的,作为“总路线”中心的“多快好省”是在1955年下半年就完全出现并很快响遍全国和贯彻到实际工作中的;作为“大跃进”运动开路方法的大辩论在1957年10月前后已被肯定并广泛使用开来,这就使得发动及进行“大跃进”运动有了有利条件;中共中央和毛泽东批评“反冒进”的过程,也就是号召、部署“大跃进”运动的过程。中共中央在1957年10月前后,更是对“大跃进”运动做出了明确的部署;从1957年冬农业方面投入水利建设和积肥运动的劳动力情况看,是“大跃进”运动中常用的“大兵团作战”组织形式;1957年10月后迅速出现的农业“大跃进”运动,有力地推动了工业“大跃进”局面的迅速形成。农业、工业战线的“大跃进”运动,又推动了交通运输、商业等经济战线及文教卫生等战线迅速形成“大跃进”局面;1957年10月中共八届三中到1958年5月中共八大二次会议间工业战线和其他战线取得的成绩情况看,1957年10月后已是“大跃进”的局面了。     

晚清英文诗歌翻译摭谈

中国的英诗汉译始于晚清,第一首翻译成中文的英诗是约翰.弥尔顿的商籁体诗《失明,》1854年发表在香港的中文期刊《遐迩贯珍》上。英国传教士开了英诗汉译的先河,后来才有中国人翻译的英文诗歌。晚清用来翻译英文诗歌的语言是文言,诗歌的体裁为中国古典诗歌,晚清的诗歌翻译采用高度归化的策略,读起来犹如用中文创作的诗歌,几乎看不出经过翻译的痕迹,使得英文诗歌的他异性在翻译的过程中消失殆尽。     

No “fear of flying”? Worrals of the WAAF,fiction, and girls’ informal wartime education

Abstract

This article focuses on the series of 11 books about a young female pilot, Worrals of the WAAF, by W.E. Johns, creator of Biggles. The Worrals books were published from 1941 when recruitment for the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force was falling. Johns chose to ignore that the WAAF supported pilots through their work on the ground and did not themselves fly. The article discusses how historians of education can draw on fiction in order to identify aspects of informal education, especially during wartime, when so many children’s formal schooling was disrupted or non-existent. Drawing on Erica Jong’s 1970s metaphor of “flying” as representative of female freedom, it is possible to read Worrals’ character as a role model for teenage girls. The conundrum of why Johns chose to put Worrals in the WAAF, rather than in Air Transport with the likes of Amy Johnson, is further explored in the light of evidence that a number of WAAF were seconded to the SOE. It concludes that fiction read alongside a range of other evidence offers a rich source for the historian engaged in a search for the gendered nature of education beyond the classroom.     

Change in Student Perceptions of Course and Instructor Following Curriculum Change

Ongoing curriculum change in higher education is essential to enhance student learning and better prepare them for the job‐market. However, research shows that faculty are reluctant to implement such changes because students generally react adversely thereby negating any potential benefits, and moreover, sanction faculty through lower evaluations and future enrollment. Yet, understanding of the effect of curriculum changes on students’ course and instructor perceptions is limited. In this article we attempt to fill this gap. Drawing on two empirical findings—students’ motivation to attend college becoming increasingly extrinsic since the 1960s and their inability to recognize, ex ante, the value‐added by a curriculum change—and the norm life‐cycle theory, we argue that any effort‐increasing or grade‐threatening change is viewed as non‐normative and will lead to an adverse student reaction. However, this adverse reaction will dissipate over time once a critical mass of students is convinced of the merits of the new curriculum. We find support for our hypotheses by analyzing change in student perceptions following curriculum changes at a U.S. University. In addition, we also find that once the adverse reaction dissipates, students’ perceptions of the new curriculum become more positive than the old curriculum, only to be reversed once the revised curriculum is accepted as the new norm.     

永劫轮回的生死场--论萧红小说中的生死观

现代小说家萧红是一位才华横溢的女作家．出于悲天悯人的天性，她始终关注普通小人物的命运．在她的小说中渗透着她对麻木自私人性的敏锐洞悉和对社会人生的深切思考。她把自己对生与死的体察融入了小说的创作．她的笔下，描绘的是生的凄然和死的悲怆，由此警醒世人去思考国民性．去关注人类生存的形态和生命的价值。     

对外汉语教学中的多样性问题

多样性是第二语言教学的核心特征之一,学习者、教师、学习环境以及教学方法等都具有这一特征。这是构建第二语言教学理论时必须面对的现实和挑战。遗憾的是,对外汉语教学界还没有充分认识到多样性问题及其在理论上的意义。本文以多样性和教学法以及教材编写的关系为例说明,对多样性的深刻理解,有助于解决理论建设当中有争议的问题,有助于推动学科研究的健康发展。     

生命教育：大学生思想政治教育中不容忽视的课题

生命教育是高校思想道德教育体系的拓展和延伸,是大学生思想政治教育中不容忽视的课题。文章在阐述生命教育的基本含义与主要特征的基础上,分析了生命教育在大学生思想政治教育中的重要性,进一步提出了高校开展大学生生命教育的有效途径。     

《山海经》生死意象的审美浅析

《山海经》作为我国古书第一部图文并茂的古书,讲述了上古时期山川、海河的基本面貌以及远古的神话故事,其中也传达出上古时期人们的生死观念。《山海经》质朴的生死观念中却蕴含着美的特质。     

变系数二阶线性齐次微分方程的可积条件

在变系数二阶线性齐次微分方程具有某种特殊解结构的情形下,进行了可积性判据研究,获得了这些方程可积的充分条件.