What factors increase Dutch child health care professionals’ adherence to a national guideline on preventing child abuse and neglect?

Guidelines to support health care professionals in early detection of, and responses to, suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) have become increasingly widely available. Yet little is known about professionals’ adherence to these guidelines or the determinants that affect their uptake. This study used a cross-sectional design to assess the adherence of Dutch Child Health Care (CHC) professionals to seven key activities described in a national guideline on preventing CAN. This study also examined the presence and strengths of determinants of guideline adherence. Online questionnaires were filled in between May and July 2013 by 164 CHC professionals. Adherence was defined as the extent to which professionals performed each of seven key activities when they suspected CAN. Thirty-three determinants were measured in relation to the guideline, the health professional, the organisational context and the socio-political context. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses tested associations between determinants and guideline adherence. Most of the responding CHC professionals were aware of the guideline and its content (83.7%). Self-reported rates of full adherence varied between 19.5% and 42.7%. Stronger habit to use the guideline was the only determinant associated with higher adherence rates in the multivariate analysis. Understanding guideline adherence and associated determinants is essential for developing implementation strategies that can stimulate adherence. Although CHC professionals in this sample were aware of the guideline, they did not always adhere to its key recommended activities. To increase adherence, tailored interventions should primarily focus on enhancing habit strength.     

Bad boys,good girls? Implicit and explicit attitudes toward ethnic minority students among elementary and secondary school teachers

Teachers’ attitudes toward ethnic minority students might differ by students’ gender and the type of school teachers are working in because of different motivations for teaching and different school practices. Hence, the aim of the current research was to investigate elementary (n = 82) and secondary school (n = 82) teachers’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward male and female ethnic minority students. Teachers worked on either a male or a female Implicit Association Test and filled out a gender-specific questionnaire for measuring explicit attitudes. The results showed that elementary and secondary school teachers had negative implicit attitudes toward ethnic minority students, independent of students’ gender. Whereas secondary school teachers were implicitly more positive toward boys, elementary school teachers were implicitly more positive toward girls. Elementary school teachers were more enthusiastic about teaching ethnic minority boys than girls. The findings provide the first insights into differences in attitudes between elementary and secondary school teachers.     

Understanding how social worker compassion fatigue and years of experience shape custodial decisions

BackgroundCompassion fatigue (i.e., a worker’s diminished ability to empathize with clients) is common among “helping workers” and can result in psychological detachment from clients as a coping mechanism.ObjectiveIn the present research, we explored the relationship between social workers’ compassion fatigue and years of job experience on hypothetical child custody case judgments.Participants and settingIn two separate studies, individuals with experience working with children in child dependency court (predominantly social workers, Study 1: N = 173, Study 2: N = 119) were recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and read a vignette depicting a mother attempting to regain custody.ResultsSupporting hypotheses, compassion fatigue significantly mediated the relationship between increased years of social worker job experience on recommendations that a neglectful mother receive custody, Indirect Effect = .06, CIs [.026, .127] (Study 1). We also found preliminary support for our hypothesized theoretically derived serial path model, in which (a) social worker compassion fatigue predicts anticipated secondary traumatic stress associated with the child neglect case, B = .54, p = .0001; (b) secondary traumatic stress predicts detachment from the neglected child, B = .27, p = .0003; (c) detachment from the child predicts job efficacy cynicism B = .65, p < .0001; and (d) job efficacy cynicism predicts decisions to allocate custody to the neglectful mother, B = .46, p = .005 (Study 2).ConclusionOur research shows that compassion fatigue among social workers may change the lens through which they perceive cases of child abuse.     

Socioeconomic segregation between and within curriculum tracking

Previous studies have documented social segregation for single types of tracking, but little previous research has compared levels of segregation across different institutional tracking arrangements. This paper uses extensive administrative data of the Chilean educational system to estimate the magnitude and evolution of socioeconomic segregation between- and within-school curriculum tracking. Results indicate that the unequal distribution of students by socioeconomic status between tracks narrows when tracking takes place within schools, mainly in the presence of market incentives that lead schools to focus on particular student populations.     

Private secondary schools in Indonesia: What is driving the demand?

Despite recent evidence that students in public schools significantly outperform their private school counterparts, private schooling continues to account for approximately 40% of secondary school enrolments in Indonesia. In an effort to explain this sustained demand, we combine analyses of PISA data with in-country interviews and school visits. Ultimately, we find that although government dependent private schools are underfunded with a high proportion of uncertified, underpaid teachers (with limited access to training and professional development), demand remains high due to their focus on religious training and education, as well as their ability to increase educational access for low-income families.     

新疆高职高专工商管理专业教学改革与思考

高职高专教育要适应经济和社会发展的需要，必须提高自身的创新能力，不断深化教学改革。本文就新疆高职高专在技术应用型人才的培养中，工商管理专业教学改革面临的机遇和挑战，以及目前存在的问题等进行了阐述，并提出了设想与方案。     

对口招生拉动中等职业教育

随着经济和社会的快速发展，越来越多的中等职业学校的学生希望能升入高等学校继续深造。实行对口招生制度以来，中等职业学校一直将对口招生列为学校的培养任务之一，做好单招工作赢得了社会地位，同时对口招生制度也对中等职业教育产生了深刻的影响，推动了职业教育的健康发展。     

浅谈高职院校英语教学的定位

针对高职院校英语教学现状进行分析,指出英语教学在高职院校中的定位,并对高职院校英语教学改革中存在的问题进行探讨。     

以能力本位为核心的高职自动控制原理课程改革

本文首先介绍了国内自动控制原理课程的现状，研究了高职自动控制原理课程存在的问题，提出了以能力本位为核心的高职教学课程体系和教学方式，并在高职院校进行了初步的实践。最后对该课程的改革实践效果进行了阐述。     

论高职院校创业型体育人才培养的定位与路径

采用文献资料、专家访谈等方法从研究体育高职院校创业教育定位问题入手,就创业文化、办学模式、课程体系、教学主体四个方面进行教学改革探讨,建议体育类高职院校应在结合人文环境、经济基础以及自身办学实力和定位的基础上打造具有校本特色的创业教育体系。