健康过渡，走上正轨，办出特色

中职教育向高职教育的转制，给高职教育的发展带来了生机。中职教育和高职教育都是职业教育，但在领导体制、培养目标、教学方法等方面有很大差异。中职教育要向高职教育健康过度，就必须使各项工作走上高职教育的路子，办出特色，保证教育质量。     

Critical factors influencing secondary school pupil’s decisions to study computing in tertiary education: Gender differences

This paper aims to determine the factors affecting the decisions of both male and female secondary school pupils whether or not to pursue undergraduate studies in Computing. It is based on research conducted in Greece, on a sample of 248 pupils, 135 of whom were female. All were aged 17 and about to decide on their future undergraduate studies. Questionnaires were used, addressing issues in the following four main categories: a) the reasons pupils chose/rejected Computing, b) how family and friends, the media and the school environment contribute to their decision, c) how pupils perceived their future after studying Computing and d) how pupils perceived the profile of a computer professional in terms of gender.

新世纪英国中等教育普通证书考试改革

自《1988年教育改革法》颁布实施之后,英国中等教育证书考试成为了对结束义务教育阶段的中学生的知识、技能水平的全面鉴定。在新世纪,英国中等教育证书考试受到人们越来越多的关注,但同时又面临诸多如质量下降、学业成绩差距拉大等新的挑战。本文通过对新世纪英国政府重要教育报告的分析,揭示英国政府对中等教育普通证书考试改革的重要举...     

论人本主义思想对贵州中小学教师师德建设的启示

在对贵州中小学教师师德建设问题上,受马斯洛的需要层次理论的启发,主张应积极为他们改善环境和创造条件,满足其基本的需要,充分发挥教师在师德师风建设中的主体性、能动性,师德建设才会更加健康和谐的发展。具体启示为：创造物质条件,关心、满足教师的基本、合理需要;注重落实国家政策,创造条件,满足安全需要;创造良好的人际关系氛围,满足教师社交的需要;理解、信任教师,听取他们的意见和建议,满足尊重的需要;为教师搭建施展才华的平台,满足其成就感和创造欲。     

Emotions involved in encountering classroom diversity: Beginning teachers’ stories

This article addresses emotions involved in encountering classroom diversity as appearing in beginning teachers’ stories. Previous research has pointed out that teachers’ emotions related to growing classroom diversity are seldom addressed, although increasing classroom diversity has been distinguished as a significant emotional challenge for teachers. In this article, teachers’ work is viewed as relational and moral work, in which emotions are inherently present. We conceptualise emotions as simultaneously social and individual. Instead of predefining the term ‘diversity’, we are interested in what kind of classroom diversity seems to become meaningful in teachers’ stories. The data consists of narrative interviews with seven Finnish beginning teachers. The findings illustrate how, in beginning teachers’ stories, students are both categorised and approached as unique individuals. Furthermore, the findings show diverse ways that emotions are present in teachers’ stories about classroom diversity, and how the working community also affects teachers’ emotions. We argue that teachers’ stories related to emotions and classroom diversity can be interpreted as moral negotiations, in which teachers’ own values and ideas of teaching are challenged. The findings of this article may add understanding of teacher–student relationships in diverse classrooms, and are also significant for teacher educators and teacher education programmes.     

自由情感论

人类存在着两类不同性质的情感：自由情感和必然情感。所谓自由情感指的是刺激源和这种情感对象之间没有任何直接的利害关系条件下所产生的情感。自由情感大部分属于纯粹的精神或者心理层面,只是一种心理体验。所谓必然情感则指的是刺激源和情感对象之间存在着明显的功利关系或所属关系条件下所产生的情感。这些刺激源或者能直接带给刺激对象直接的好处或害处,这类刺激源多半是外在的客体;或者本身就隶属于情感对象的一部分生理机能,它们主要指那些内在的自然的生命欲求。所以必然情感实质上是～种因果性情感或者功利性情感。一般地说,现实中的绝大部分爱情、亲情和友情都属于,必然情感,而以自由情感方式存在的爱情、亲情和友情则是现实中的稀缺资源。不过这一缺憾因为艺术品的存在而得以弥补。艺术品虽非天然的审美客体,然而,在同等条件下,艺术品较之其他审美客体更容易引发审美主体的自由情感,因为艺术品跟审美主体之间最缺乏明显的实际利害关系。     

色彩与情感的契合——浅析色彩与情感在梵高创作中的体现

纵观西方绘画艺术发展史,利用色彩来表达情感的人很多,梵高无疑是其中最杰出的代表。他的一生是短暂而贫苦的,屡遭挫折,备尝艰辛。但他却通过画笔,运用绚烂的色彩,将熟悉的人和物展示在世人面前,其每一幅作品都像一团团生命幻化的火焰。在梵高的艺术世界里,色彩不仅具有最直接的情感表现力,而且被赋予了更加神秘的意义,对现代绘画产生了影响深远。     

Constellations of risk factors as moderators of the impact of a randomized intervention on students’ reading skills in rural India

Individual, family and community risk factors might determine the success or failure of educational interventions. The study is a secondary analysis, aimed at identifying distinctive constellations of risk for educational attainment, and at exploring whether membership to these constellations moderated the impact of a cluster-randomized reading intervention in rural India. By means of latent profile analysis, four constellations of risk were identified based on individual and family risk-factors. Multilevel cumulative logit models confirmed that the intervention had a positive impact on the outcome, and revealed that profile membership did not moderate the effect of the intervention. However more nuanced analysis showed that the intervention worked differently for children with different risk-profiles depending on contextual factors.     

The neural bases of vitality forms

Unlike emotions, which are short-lasting events accompanied by viscero-motor responses, vitality forms are continuous internal states that modulate the motor behaviors of individuals and are devoid of the autonomic modifications that characterize real emotions. Despite the importance of vitality forms in social life, only recently have neurophysiological studies been devoted to this issue. The first part of this review describes fMRI experiments, showing that the dorso-central insula is activated during the execution, the perception and the imagination of arm actions endowed with different vitality forms as well as during the hearing and the production of speech conveying vitality forms. In the second part, we address the means by which the dorso-central insula modulates the networks for controlling action execution and how the sensory and interoceptive information is conveyed to this insular sector. Finally, we present behavioral data showing the importance of vitality forms in social interactions.     

The majority influence on interminority attitudes: The secondary transfer effect of positive and negative contact

Among minority members, positive contact with the majority was previously found to improve not only the attitudes toward the majority but also the attitudes toward minority outgroups (the secondary transfer effect; STE). However, the roles of negative intergroup contact and minority groups’ social status in the STE have not been yet examined. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between both positive and negative contact with the national majority group (Finns) and mutual attitudes among high-status Estonian (n = 171) and low-status Russian (n = 180) immigrants in Finland. Two mediators of the STE were tested: attitudes toward the majority (attitude generalization) and public collective self-esteem (diagonal hostility). While positive and negative STEs emerging via attitude generalization were expected to occur among both immigrant groups, the mediating effect of public collective self-esteem was assumed only for members of the low-status group. In both immigrant groups, the relationship between positive contact with the majority group and attitudes toward the other immigrant group was positive and indirect through more favorable attitudes toward majority group members. The same mechanism characterized negative contact, where the indirect effect was mediated by less positive attitudes toward Finns. As predicted, public collective self-esteem mediated the effects of positive and negative contact with majority group members on attitudes toward the other minority only among low-status Russian immigrants. The results call for the acknowledgement of different mechanisms explaining the STE among minority groups enjoying different social statuses in host society.