Indirect evidence of human skeletal muscle damage and collagen breakdown after eccentric muscle actions

Indirect markers of muscle damage and collagen breakdown were recorded for up to 9 days after a bout of concentric, followed by a bout of eccentric, muscle actions. Nine untrained participants performed two bouts of 50 maximum effort repetitions on an isokinetic dynamometer (angular velocity 1.05 rad.s-1, range of motion 1.75 rad). An initial concentric bout of muscle actions was followed by an eccentric bout 21 days later, using the same knee extensors. Concentric actions induced no changes in maximum voluntary isometric contraction force (MVC),nor induced any changes in the serum enzyme activities of creatine kinase, a lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH-1), or alkaline phosphatase. Similarly, concentric actions induced no change in markers of collagen breakdown,namely plasma hydroxyproline and serum type 1 collagen concentration.In contrast,eccentric actions induced a 23.5 ± 19.0% (mean ± s) decrease in MVC immediately post-exercise (P< 0.05), and increased the serum enzyme activities of creatine kinase and LDH-1 to 486 ± 792 and 90 ± 11 IU.l-1 respectively on day 3 post-exercise, and to 189 ± 159 and 96 ±13 IU.l-1 respectively on day 7 post-exercise (all P < 0.05). Eccentric actions induced no significant changes in plasma hydroxyproline, but increased collagen concentration on days 1 and 9 post-exercise (48.6% and 44.3% increases above pre-exercise on days 1 and 9 respectively; both P < 0.05). We conclude that eccentric but not concentric actions may result in temporary muscle damage, and that collagen breakdown may also be affected by eccentric actions. With caution, indices of collagen breakdown may be used to identify exercise-induced damage to connective tissue.     

有无正当理由违约中的损害赔偿——从案例分析的角度

通过对国际体育仲裁违约合同造成损害赔偿的案例分析,提出没有固定的规则可以适用所有的案例,唯一确定的是所谓的"积极利益"或"预期利益"原则。因此,裁定方确定赔偿金是以假设违约未发生,受害方应当获得利益大小为标准。任何人都不应当试图创设一个固定规则,因为尝试创设规则是不明智的,它将导致裁定方因固定规则被迫以某种方式裁定,并不能实现双方当事人及体育领域所追求的公正、合理的结果。文章认为由裁定方在考虑到所有情形的前提以积极利益原则为首要原则确定最合适的赔偿金。     

Report:Influence of freezing rate on cryo-damage of cementitious material

We report an experimental investigation on the impact of the freezing rate on the cryo-deformation and cryo-damage of cementitious materials. Saturated, dried and air-entrained mortar specimens are subjected to laboratory freeze-thaw cycles under three freezing rates without moisture exchange with the environment. In addition to basic mechanical properties and pore distribution, the measurement is also effectuated for freezing expansion, residual deformation of the specimens in each cycle. From the results it is observed that a high freezing rate does augment the freezing expansion of material while the cryo-damage is more important for a low freezing rate. Accordingly, both the freezing rate and freezing duration should be taken into account for the cyro-damage extent of cementitious materials.     

浅层地震反射波法在过江通道勘察中的应用

浅层地震是工程地质勘察中的一种重要手段,其特有的高分辨率特性有利于确定地层界面、基岩起伏变化的形态。针对不同的地质情况,采用相应的野外观测方法,经过资料的解释、处理得到较好的效果。本文主要介绍浅层地震反射波法在某过江通道勘察中的地质效果。     

冲击损伤的增强X射线实时成像检测

对复合材料结构承载能力影响最严重、安全威胁最大的是冲击损伤,因此冲击损伤是复合材料损伤的主要研究对象。本文从增强剂四溴乙烷的浓度、施加方式与时间等方面的选定,进行了冲击损伤的增强X射线实时成像检测研究,其结果是对超声波C扫描检测结果的进一步验证与补充。     

温州地区白蚁的危害和防治

白蚁具有极强的隐蔽性、繁殖能力和对环境的适应能力，其危害十分严重。本文对温州地区白蚁的生活习性及发生原因、危害进行了分析，并提出了对白蚁进行防治的措施。     

国家赔偿中精神损害救济方式之适用探究——基于《国家赔偿法》第35条的分析

在现代文明社会中,精神利益越来越受到人们的重视,现已成为日常生活的重要组成部分．不仅如此,法律也已经对人们的精神利益进行了保护,这集中表现为对精神损害的法律救济。然而,就我国《国家赔偿法》而言,虽然第35条明确规定了精神损害的救济方式,但是,在具体救济方式的适用规则方面却规定得不尽合理．因此,有必要在对精神损害内涵进行深入研究的基础上对不同的精神损害适用恰当的救济方式,以期真正地弥补受害人的精神损失．     

Social media crowdsourcing for rapid damage assessment following a sudden-onset natural hazard event

Rapid appraisal of damages related to hazard events is of importance to first responders, government agencies, insurance industries, and other private and public organizations. While satellite monitoring, ground-based sensor systems, inspections and other technologies provide data to inform post-disaster response, crowdsourcing through social media is an additional and novel data source. In this study, the use of social media data, principally Twitter postings, is investigated to make approximate but rapid early assessments of damages following a disaster. The goal is to explore the potential utility of using social media data for rapid damage assessment after sudden-onset hazard events and to identify insights related to potential challenges. This study defines a text-based damage assessment scale for earthquake damages, and then develops a text classification model for rapid damage assessment. Although the accuracy remains a challenge compared to ground-based instrumental readings and inspections, the proposed damage assessment model features rapidity with large amounts of data at spatial densities that exceed those of conventional sensor networks. The 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence is investigated as a case study.     

外借文献缺损防范与图书馆诚信服务——文献缺损智能鉴别技术在西南大学图书馆三馆的应用

对归还文献是否原物无损的自动化识别,是目前图书馆计算机管理系统尚未解决的技术问题,并直接影响到图书馆诚信服务质量。作者首次从文献缺损对构建大学图书馆诚信服务体系的影响出发,对建立图书馆文献缺损防范机制的必要性、技术途径及基本要求进行分析,并根据图书馆采用智能识别技术防范文献缺损的实际效果,对该技术在图书馆的应用前景进行客观评价。