核准制下投资者行为偏差和中国IPO抑价实证研究

利用行为金融学中投资者行为偏差的观点,对核准制下中国的IPO抑价进行了实证研究。以实行该制度后到股权分置改革前发行并上市的股票为样本,使用Newey—West提出的异方差和自相关一致协方差回归方法,对影响IPO抑价的行为偏差因素进行了实证分析,得出投资者行为偏差是引起中国IPO抑价的结论。     

技术评价偏差及其控制研究

本文讨论技术评价偏差产生的根源、偏差的类型及如何对偏差进行控制的问题。评价偏差的根源主要是来自于评价主体、评价客体及外界因素,偏差类型则根据偏差产生的不同时点分成评价前偏差和评价过程偏差两类。本文提出的评价偏差的控制方法主要针对评价主体。     

Forensic child sexual abuse evaluations: assessing subjectivity and bias in professional judgements

Objectives

Evaluators examining the same evidence often arrive at substantially different conclusions in forensic assessments of child sexual abuse (CSA). This study attempts to identify and quantify subjective factors that contribute to such disagreements so that interventions can be devised to improve the reliability of case decisions.

Methods

Participants included 1106 professionals in the field of child maltreatment representing a range of professional positions or job titles and years of experience. Each completed the Child Forensic Attitude Scale (CFAS), a 28-item survey assessing 3 forensic attitudes believed to influence professional judgments about CSA allegations: emphasis-on-sensitivity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false negatives or errors of undercalling abuse); emphasis-on-specificity (i.e., a focus on minimizing false positives or errors of overcalling abuse); and skepticism toward child and adolescent reports of CSA. A subset of 605 professionals also participated in 1 of 3 diverse decision exercises to assess the influence of the 3 forensic attitudes on ratings of case credibility.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors or attitude subscales that corresponded closely with the original CFAS scales: 2 subscales for emphasis-on-sensitivity and 1 each for emphasis-on-specificity and skepticism. Attitude subscale scores differed significantly by sample source (in-state trainings vs. national conferences), gender, years of experience, and professional position, with Child Protective Service workers unexpectedly more concerned about overcalling abuse and more skeptical of child disclosures than other professionals—a pattern of scores associated with an increased probability of disbelieving CSA allegations. The 3 decision exercises offered validation of the attitude subscales as predictors of professional ratings of case credibility, with adjusted R²s for the three exercises ranging from .06 to .24, suggesting highly variable effect sizes.

Conclusions

Evaluator disagreements about CSA allegations can be explained, in part, by individual differences in 3 attitudes related to forensic decision-making: emphasis-on-sensitivity, emphasis-on-specificity, and skepticism toward child reports of abuse. These attitudes operate as predispositions or biases toward viewing CSA allegations as likely true or likely false. Several strategies for curbing the influence of subjective factors are highlighted including self-awareness of personal biases and team approaches to assessment.     

大学书法教学的三个环节

大学书法教学课时较少,如何在有限的学时中组织好教学,最大限度的发挥出课堂教学作用,以达到教学要求,教师要着重抓住选帖、临摹、欣赏这三个最为重要的环节。     

Populist Twitter Posts in News Stories

Research in information processing suggests that the journalistic practice of embedding right-wing populist Twitter posts in news may stimulate political polarization. To test this notion, we conducted an online experiment (N?=?379). We investigated how highlighted right-wing populist statements affected individuals from different ideological stances and whether potential effects were determined by Twitter-specific characteristics (Twitter frame, profile picture). We exposed participants to two articles, each including a statement by a politician of the Austrian Freedom Party. In the first group, the statements were not highlighted (control group). In the second and third group, the statements appeared as conventional block quotes either without (G2) or with (G3) a picture of the politician. In the fourth and fifth group, the statements were highlighted as Twitter posts, again either without (G4) or with (G5) a picture of the politician. Results revealed that all highlighting conditions increased statement recognition among left-wing individuals. However, the full Twitter post condition exerted the strongest effect. Higher recognition then decreased left-wing individuals’ anti-immigrant attitudes and sympathy toward the right-wing populist candidate. Thus, embedding right-wing populists’ Twitter posts may induce disconfirmation bias among left-wing voters and trigger a process in which they strengthen their initial attitudes.     

足球的“自然选择”和“人工培养”成才模式浅析

更高水平的足球人才、更充足的储备是足球队水平更高的根源。本文对当今世界足球人才成长的“自然选择”和“人工培养”两种模式进行分析,探讨足球人才的发展和培养道路。“自然选择”模式是根据人体生长发育阶段,从低至高发展各级别联赛,让球员在各级别联赛中发展自己的足球志趣和竞技水平,自我选择,适者生存,优胜劣汰,完全尊重球员个体的...     

记者新闻选择与价值判断中的社会心理分析

新闻记者的职责就是为受众提供事实的报道,而新闻采访中情境的不确定性和时间的局限性使记者的新闻选择与价值判断成为一种特殊的决策。本文试图探索影响新闻记者新闻选择和价值判断基本过程的社会心理因素,以改进我们对新闻决策过程的理解,提升新闻报道的质量和水平。     

采用因子分析法构建数字资源选择标准体系

在汇集整理数字资源选择标准初始集合的基础上,开展专家问卷调查,进行数字资源选择标准重要性及适用性的调查研究,采用因子分析法进行数据统计和分析,提炼精简出关联度最强、最具代表性的选择标准,在此基础上遴选适用性得分高于4分的选择标准,由此构建具有一定合理性和可操作性的数字资源选择标准体系。     

火电公司分散控制系统的评估与选型

讨论了火电公司应用中分散控制系统评估的内容和一般准则,并介绍了一种评估和选型的具体方法和步骤,这对火电公司分散控制系统的工程设计以及提高发电效率具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Algorithmic bias in data-driven innovation in the age of AI

Data-driven innovation (DDI) gains its prominence due to its potential to transform innovation in the age of AI. Digital giants Amazon, Alibaba, Google, Apple, and Facebook, enjoy sustainable competitive advantages from DDI. However, little is known about algorithmic biases that may present in the DDI process, and result in unjust, unfair, or prejudicial data product developments. Thus, this guest editorial aims to explore the sources of algorithmic biases across the DDI process using a systematic literature review, thematic analysis and a case study on the Robo-Debt scheme in Australia. The findings show that there are three major sources of algorithmic bias: data bias, method bias and societal bias. Theoretically, the findings of our study illuminate the role of the dynamic managerial capability to address various biases. Practically, we provide guidelines on addressing algorithmic biases focusing on data, method and managerial capabilities.