郭祥正诗学理论初探

北宋中期诗坛上出现了一位被梅尧臣、郑獬、刘挚等人誉为“李白后身”“谪仙后身”的诗人——郭祥正,他不仅积极参与诗歌创作的实践活动,同时也非常喜欢与他人探讨研究诗歌理论,这些诗学理论散见于其所创作的近200首诗歌当中,涉及诗歌本源、思维创作、语言技巧等诸多方面,是宋代文学批评理论中不可或缺的重要组成部分。     

A data quality approach to the identification of discrimination risk in automated decision making systems

Automated decision-making (ADM) systems may affect multiple aspects of our lives. In particular, they can result in systematic discrimination of specific population groups, in violation of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. One of the potential causes of discriminative behavior, i.e., unfairness, lies in the quality of the data used to train such ADM systems.Using a data quality measurement approach combined with risk management, both defined in ISO standards, we focus on balance characteristics and we aim to understand how balance indexes (Gini, Simpson, Shannon, Imbalance Ratio) identify discrimination risk in six large datasets containing the classification output of ADM systems.The best result is achieved using the Imbalance Ratio index. Gini and Shannon indexes tend to assume high values and for this reason they have modest results in both aspects: further experimentation with different thresholds is needed.In terms of policies, the risk-based approach is a core element of the EU approach to regulate algorithmic systems: in this context, balance measures can be easily assumed as risk indicators of propagation – or even amplification – of bias in the input data of ADM systems.     

特质焦虑者注意偏向的研究综述

特质焦虑者对威胁信息的注意偏向影响其焦虑易感性。研究表明,威胁刺激的水平、特质焦虑者的状态焦虑水平、威胁刺激呈现的时间长短等是影响特质焦虑者注意偏向的主要因素。但是由于实验范式和刺激材料以及实验手段的不同,这些影响因素在注意偏向中的作用还需进一步明确。     

浅谈语文教学内容确立的理论依据

语文课堂学习是学生语文学习的重要组成部分。在新课改背景下,随着语文课程与教学改革的纵深发展,语文教育研究者们指出,语文课程与教学研究的重心,现在应该转移到语文课程与教学内容的建设上来。本文就语文教学中课堂教学内容的确立探讨其理论依据,认为语文教学内容的确立需遵循系统性原则,体现语文学科目标与特点;遵循适应性原则,与学生的实际需要相契合;遵循开放性原则,符合语文课程的基本理念;遵循动态性原则,与课程"预设与生成"相统一。     

新高考背景下"新农科"人才培养机制经验借鉴

通过比较典型案例,分析出农科人才培养与乡村人才振兴战略协同推进过程中的现实困境和根本原因,以立德树人为总目标,构建和完善新高考背景下“新农科”人才选拔机制,主要包括学生知农和爱农情怀的培养、科研平台和教研基地的建设、实践教学和创新创业教育的提升、“新农科”通识教育的重塑等方面,以期在新高考背景下为高校选拔和培养乡村振兴人才提供借鉴、促进不同高校特色化发展、让“新农科”人才充分发挥其特长和潜能的同时,壮大乡村振兴人才队伍,加快建设创新型国家。     

Teacher classroom interactions and behaviours: Indications of bias

In some recent studies, researchers have measured teacher implicit bias and some have shown that teacher bias predicts student academic outcomes. Currently, however, how bias is portrayed to individual students is largely unknown. In this exploratory qualitative study, observations totalling 4 h per participant were undertaken with ten secondary, six intermediate, and four primary teachers in New Zealand. We utilised a thematic analysis approach to identify three themes: “differential nonverbal behaviours”, “differential academic interactions” and “differential reactions under the same conditions” that captured teachers' classroom interactions. Our findings suggested that teachers’ differential behaviours were mediating teacher bias. This was because teacher bias was recorded in every classroom; however, teachers displayed biased behaviours to varying degrees. Bias was displayed through various nonverbal and academic interactions, and some teachers portrayed their bias by treating some students differently when the situation for all students was the same.     

教育对中国经济增长的影响效应——基于元回归分析方法的分析

基于60篇教育与中国经济增长实证研究中626个回归方程的元分析发现,教育对中国经济增长的作用估计受到不同研究特征的影响。尤其是,"显著效应"的实证结果受到估计方法、教育变量和经济增长变量的设定形式、教育变量的测量指标、样本起始年份、区域和控制变量选择等研究特征的显著影响。使用变量增长率形式、运用工具变量法、使用入学率和教育经费数据估计会降低显著性效应的概率;样本区域覆盖面越小、样本起始年份越早、使用受教育年限数据估计会增加显著性效应的概率。漏斗不对称检验显示样本文献存在显著的正向偏误,即回归结果越显著的研究越有可能被发表。因此,在分析教育对我国经济增长的作用时,必须考虑研究之间的异质性和可能存在的发表偏误。未来应重点关注的是,改进测量和估计方法,通过更严谨的研究设计精确识别教育对我国经济增长的因果效应;结合中国经济发展的阶段特征,分行业和部门讨论教育的作用,同时拓展非线性模型以考察教育的收益递增的外部效应;持续关注对教育质量的监测及其对经济增长的影响,为高质量教育体系的建设提供科学的理论支持。     

毕节试验区新一轮改革发展路径探析

科学选择试验区新一轮改革发展路径,要以前瞻性的思路、创新性的理念引领改革发展。在两年“明显变化”发展路径选择之初,就要积极探索实现五年“大见成效”的途径,并且为可持续发展奠定基础。根据“三大目标”及发展指标的要求,结合毕节试验区的资源禀赋状况、经济发展思路,从战略和战术两个层面进行设计。     

财产刑执行检察监督制度探究

财产刑执行检察监督是修改后的刑诉法赋予监所检察部门的一项新职责。实践中,监所部门对自由刑和生命刑的监督已经形成了一套较为严密的工作机制,但对于财产刑执行的监督却缺乏足够的关注,甚至存在监督盲区。故加强和完善对财产刑执行的检察监督,全面履行检察机关刑罚执行监督职能,促进我国刑罚执行体制的完善是一项现实而紧迫的任务。     

墨西哥汉语习得者的汉语单音节字调的习得

采用非随机任意抽样法抽取语音训练约100小时左右的4名墨西哥汉语习得者,对其288个普通话单音节四声的发音进行声学分析。实验数据及分析结果显示,汉语语音训练约100小时左右的墨西哥汉语习得者的普通话四声偏误和错误的特点是:(1)在调域偏误上有如下降级序列:去声>阴平>阳平;(2)在调型偏误上有如下降级序列:阳平>上声;(3)调型偏误和调域偏误>调型错误。声学分析;调类;调型;调域;错误;偏误