Morningness and state academic self-concept in students: Do early birds experience themselves as more competent in daily school life?

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of circadian preference for students’ state academic self-concept (ASC). We focused on students’ tendency to be morning-oriented (i.e., morningness) and examined the association between morningness as a trait and mean levels of state (momentary) general-school ASC in everyday school life using intensive longitudinal data collected among N = 285 (N_obs = 6,140; M_lessons = 21.54) German ninth and tenth graders. Furthermore, we tested whether the strength of this relation between morningness and state general-school ASC was modulated by the time of day (i.e., synchrony effect). Results of multilevel analyses showed that morningness was positively related to students’ mean levels of state general-school ASC. However, our results refuted a synchrony effect on state ASC, as higher morningness related to equally high mean levels of state general-school ASC both early and late in the school day with respect to a typical school schedule with lessons occurring in the morning to early afternoon. The present findings contribute to our understanding of ASC and provide relevant information about how morningness should be positioned with regard to ASC in everyday school life.     

体验:生命的存在

体验是西方“感性史”的一个核心概念,体验概念的出现及其发展,是对西方理性主义的一次反击,对凸现西方感性历史的发展其有重要意义;体验和生命具有密切联系,体验是对生命的体验,把体验作为生存范畴来理解有利于进一步明确体验的本质：审美体验与艺术密不可分,研究审美体验对揭示艺术的本质其有重要意义。     

时间性问题的转向与艺术的诗性归途—从狄尔泰到海德格尔

狄尔泰认为生命是一个时间性和历财}生的存在,是在“过去”、“现在”和“未来”三位一体中的体验之流,过去的历史生命是通过现在的体验而走向将来,他更看重“过去”对生命的意义。与狄尔泰不同的是,海德格尔对时间性问题是在存在论的意义上来探讨的,他认为此在是通过将来的筹划所规定的,更看重的是“将来”对此在的意义,因此时间性问题在海德格尔这里发生了转向。尽管如此,他们都走向了艺术这条诗性的归途,都把艺术看成是生命和此在的澄明之境。     

浅谈作家路遥的人生经历对其创作的影响

路遥是我国当代作家．其作品多反映“城乡交叉地带”生活，饱含对土地和农民的赞颂。他关注时代的变迁．怀着责任感和使命感进行创作．作品中充满了激人奋进的力量，被誉为“用生命和良知进行创作”的作家。     

东盟国家发展教育的经验对开发贵州教育的启示

西部大开发，人才是关键。贵州在西部大开发中急需培养地方性经济建设人才，这就要求贵州教育走多种形式的办学道路。东盟国家发展教育的成功经验，可资借鉴。改变旧观念，迎接新挑战是贵州走可持续发展道路的前提和基础。     

基于案例推理的问题解决

现实世界中的非良构问题是复杂多变的,致使传统的基于规则的推理与基于模型的推理不能满足这一动态的、不可控的复杂问题解决的需要。基于案例推理是认知科学专家所揭示的一种推理方式。它以其强调案例知识、情景记忆、类比推理、预期失败及经验反思等认知过程已经逐渐成为人们面向复杂问题解决的一个有效的、可信服的认知模式。该模式给教育工作带来很多启示,产生了一些关于有效地促进学习的建议。这些已经被应用至包括教育在内的某些领域的真实问题解决和学习之中。     

图书馆学研究范式的若干概念及应用探析

规范研究、经验研究、思辨研究、实证研究、定性研究与定量研究是常用的图书馆学研究范式。梳理这些研究范式的概念与相互之间的联系,有助于规范图书馆学研究方法,扩展图书馆学研究思路。目前我国图书馆学经验研究、规范研究、定性研究偏多,实证研究缺乏,定量研究往往被忽视。为此,图书馆学研究应坚持多种研究范式并存与互补应用,定量研究与定性研究相结合,实证研究与规范研究相结合,弘扬实证研究方法,从而促进图书馆学繁荣发展。     

论杜威经验观的教育意义

杜威的经验观是其教育理论的最核心的一个概念,他在对原有的经验概念的改造的基础上,论述了经验的新内涵,认为教育生长的起点是经验,教育的归结点是经验的不断改造。衡量经验有教育意义的标准是经验的连续性和交互作用。杜威的经验观给我们的启示是重视教师在学生学习知识的过程中的地位和作用,要注意统一学生学习知识的主动性和被动性。     

Expectancy-value appraisals and achievement emotions in an online learning environment: Within- and between-person relationships

Motivation and emotion are of critical importance for students' academic learning and achievement. Drawing on Eccles and Wigfield's situated expectancy-value theory and Pekrun's control-value theory, we examined to what extent specific expectancy-value appraisals related to studentsʼ achievement emotions. We collected intensive state data of N = 95 university students over one semester in an online learning environment. Students' appraisals were analyzed on different aggregation levels in a hierarchical design, which accounts for variability within learning situations and between students. Our results corroborated theoretical assumptions that expectancy-value appraisals are positively associated with positive emotions and negatively with negative emotions. However, we found that students experienced positive emotions in learning situations of high intrinsic and utility value, but not in situations of high attainment value. Examining appraisal combinations and discrete emotions, we found that particularly studentsʼ perceived costs moderated the relationship between expectancy and frustration and boredom on the situation level.     

The differences and similarities between curiosity and interest: Meta-analysis and network analyses

Three studies on the relationship between curiosity and interest are reported. The first study was a meta-analysis that examined the Pearson correlations between scales assessing curiosity and interest. Based on 24 studies (31 effect sizes), we found that the curiosity scales correlated with the interest scales at a moderate level (r = 0.53), but they had extremely high heterogeneity. The second and third studies applied network analyses (i.e., co-occurrence analysis and correlation-based analysis) to data that was collected using experience sampling method. Across the studies, we found that while the feelings of curiosity reflected feelings of inquisitiveness, the feelings of interest were aligned with positive affect such as enjoyment and happiness. Importantly, an asymmetrical pattern also was found in curiosity-interest co-occurrences: when feelings of curiosity occurred, the co-occurrence of feelings of interest was highly likely, but not so vice versa. Overall, our findings suggest that feelings of curiosity are special cases of feelings of interest that pertain to knowledge acquisition. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.