Extractive speech summarization using evaluation metric-related training criteria

The purpose of extractive speech summarization is to automatically select a number of indicative sentences or paragraphs (or audio segments) from the original spoken document according to a target summarization ratio and then concatenate them to form a concise summary. Much work on extractive summarization has been initiated for developing machine-learning approaches that usually cast important sentence selection as a two-class classification problem and have been applied with some success to a number of speech summarization tasks. However, the imbalanced-data problem sometimes results in a trained speech summarizer with unsatisfactory performance. Furthermore, training the summarizer by improving the associated classification accuracy does not always lead to better summarization evaluation performance. In view of such phenomena, we present in this paper an empirical investigation of the merits of two schools of training criteria to alleviate the negative effects caused by the aforementioned problems, as well as to boost the summarization performance. One is to learn the classification capability of a summarizer on the basis of the pair-wise ordering information of sentences in a training document according to a degree of importance. The other is to train the summarizer by directly maximizing the associated evaluation score or optimizing an objective that is linked to the ultimate evaluation. Experimental results on the broadcast news summarization task suggest that these training criteria can give substantial improvements over a few existing summarization methods.     

从“花园路句子”到“花园路叙事”

本文试图从心理语言学角度出发,将心理分析理论中的图示框架理论与叙事学结合起来,阐释"花园路叙事"的认知模式。     

汉英句子扩展性与英汉翻译对策

本文从语言与文化的关系入手,通过对汉英句子扩展方式的比较,分析了汉语句子呈句首开放、句尾收缩和英语句子呈句首收缩、句尾开放的特点,并就这一差异背后的汉英语言制约因素进行了探讨,最后具体提出了英汉翻译中涉及句子扩展性的针对性策略。     

Beyond SumBasic: Task-focused summarization with sentence simplification and lexical expansion

In recent years, there has been increased interest in topic-focused multi-document summarization. In this task, automatic summaries are produced in response to a specific information request, or topic, stated by the user. The system we have designed to accomplish this task comprises four main components: a generic extractive summarization system, a topic-focusing component, sentence simplification, and lexical expansion of topic words. This paper details each of these components, together with experiments designed to quantify their individual contributions. We include an analysis of our results on two large datasets commonly used to evaluate task-focused summarization, the DUC2005 and DUC2006 datasets, using automatic metrics. Additionally, we include an analysis of our results on the DUC2006 task according to human evaluation metrics. In the human evaluation of system summaries compared to human summaries, i.e., the Pyramid method, our system ranked first out of 22 systems in terms of overall mean Pyramid score; and in the human evaluation of summary responsiveness to the topic, our system ranked third out of 35 systems.     

引入英语句型进行古汉语特殊句式教学的尝试

由于现行中学语文教学淡化语法教学,导致学生的汉语语法知识模糊不清,要想读懂文言文其难度不言而喻。相反,现在的中学生英语语法知识倒学得比较好,为此,文章从英语语法角度人手,引入英语句型进行古文语法教学。从实践结果来看,效果很好,也很受学生欢迎。     

罗伯特·弗罗斯特诗歌特色浅析——隐喻象征、句子声音

罗伯特·弗罗斯特是美国20世纪最伟大的诗人之一,其诗歌以质朴清新、富含哲理见长,具有节奏明快、和谐流畅、抒情浓郁的特点。本文从隐喻象征和句子声音两个方面浅析他的诗歌特色。     

论黄庭坚七律句法中的戏剧性张力营构

句法是黄庭坚诗歌创作技巧中的重要一极。在对黄氏七律句法的研究中,除了学界关注已久的用典、押韵等特征之外,我们还发现了一种独特的组合方式,黄庭坚在诗句中有意营造一种彼此矛盾、相互冲突的经验单元组合,以此拓展诗歌文本的戏剧性张力,而这一点也正是构成黄诗兀傲奇崛的审美风格的重要手段之一。     

Query-oriented text summarization based on hypergraph transversals

The rise in the amount of textual resources available on the Internet has created the need for tools of automatic document summarization. The main challenges of query-oriented extractive summarization are (1) to identify the topics of the documents and (2) to recover query-relevant sentences of the documents that together cover these topics. Existing graph- or hypergraph-based summarizers use graph-based ranking algorithms to produce individual scores of relevance for the sentences. Hence, these systems fail to measure the topics jointly covered by the sentences forming the summary, which tends to produce redundant summaries. To address the issue of selecting non-redundant sentences jointly covering the main query-relevant topics of a corpus, we propose a new method using the powerful theory of hypergraph transversals. First, we introduce a new topic model based on the semantic clustering of terms in order to discover the topics present in a corpus. Second, these topics are modeled as the hyperedges of a hypergraph in which the nodes are the sentences. A summary is then produced by generating a transversal of nodes in the hypergraph. Algorithms based on the theory of submodular functions are proposed to generate the transversals and to build the summaries. The proposed summarizer outperforms existing graph- or hypergraph-based summarizers by at least 6% of ROUGE-SU4 F-measure on DUC 2007 dataset. It is moreover cheaper than existing hypergraph-based summarizers in terms of computational time complexity.     

公务文书的语言运用

公务文书在语言运用方面有鲜明的特征，主要是：词语运用讲究准确、规范；介词短语和“的”字短语的普遍运用；明确严密的句式；简约扼要，表达周全等。公务文书应当适当时代的要求，做到与时俱进，更好地在社会生活的各个领域发挥其应有的作用。     

网络英汉融合词“Hold住”探析

网络英汉融合词"Hold住"时下相当流行,表义非常丰富,在原有单词"Hold"基础上扩展出许多新的意义。文章将结合语料对其语义进行穷尽性的分析,探析其内部结构及造句功能,从使用人群、语用效果、读音三个方面对其语用进行考察,结合语言接触理论探析该词的词源,预测其未来的发展趋势及对汉语的影响。