存现句语义对谓语动词的制约

存现句是现代汉语中一种很有特点的句式。从20世纪50年代开始,很多学者从结构形式、句法性质、动词特点、语法意义和变换关系的角度对存现句作了多方位的研究。本文试图以存现句的语义特征为研究的出发点,分析存现句语义对谓语动词在语义和句法上的各种制约关系,并重新划分存现句的类别。     

语体句谈片

语体句是专用或常用于某种语体的句子。它包括了专用句和跨体句。它们是由于色彩的不同而产生为不同的语体句。在语体句中,特定的句法成分起着重要的作用,常常是某个语体的标记和指纹。研究语体句主要是关注日常的语言生活,但是对于某些为特定目的"创造"的句子,也要给以充分的注意,它也是语体句研究的内容。一般说来,每种语体都有自己独特的语体句,本文还举例说明了公文语体中的几种特有句式。     

Discriminative sentence compression with conditional random fields

The paper focuses on a particular approach to automatic sentence compression which makes use of a discriminative sequence classifier known as Conditional Random Fields (CRF). We devise several features for CRF that allow it to incorporate information on nonlinear relations among words. Along with that, we address the issue of data paucity by collecting data from RSS feeds available on the Internet, and turning them into training data for use with CRF, drawing on techniques from biology and information retrieval. We also discuss a recursive application of CRF on the syntactic structure of a sentence as a way of improving the readability of the compression it generates. Experiments found that our approach works reasonably well compared to the state-of-the-art system [Knight, K., & Marcu, D. (2002). Summarization beyond sentence extraction: A probabilistic approach to sentence compression. Artificial Intelligence 139, 91–107.].     

Planarized sentence representation for nested named entity recognition

One strategy to recognize nested entities is to enumerate overlapped entity spans for classification. However, current models independently verify every entity span, which ignores the semantic dependency between spans. In this paper, we first propose a planarized sentence representation to represent nested named entities. Then, a bi-directional two-dimensional recurrent operation is implemented to learn semantic dependencies between spans. Our method is evaluated on seven public datasets for named entity recognition. It achieves competitive performance in named entity recognition. The experimental results show that our method is effective to resolve nested named entities and learn semantic dependencies between them.     

从翻译中的语义不同看中西方的语言思维差异

对英译汉过程中一些将原有句子结构打乱再重组从而译成汉语的现象作了初步探讨,并从这种现象中找出中西方语言思维的差异所在.本文共对两种翻译现象进行了探讨:1、主宾换位译;2、正反对调译.     

致使的语音实现及其句法蕴含

“致使”是个隐性构件,有独立的句法位置,还有音韵方面的要求。在现代汉语中,可通过动词移位或插入“把”等手段使之获得满足。语义上的“致使”是由“把”字句等致使句式中的“致使”构件所负载。“致使”构件选择论元并指派语义角色,所以“致事”的语义关系较复杂;“致使”有音韵上的需求,而早期汉语没有功能范畴“把”,造成词序演变的假象。     

维吾尔语空间位移动词构成的基干句模

空间位移动词是指涉及空间位置及其变换的动词,它们具有语义和句法上的显著特点,由它们形成的简单句的基干句模各不相同,这些基干句模与相关句型间存有对应关系。     

英文报纸中标题的语言形式

对于广大中国的英语学习者来说,英文报纸的阅读是一种拓宽知识面,扩大词汇量,了解不断变化的英语语言的有效方式。在英文报纸的阅读中,人们最先接触到的就是它的标题。新闻标题作为整个新闻事件内容的精华所在,是值得一学的。该文从新闻英语的语言规律和特点出发,主要研究英文报纸标题中英语的语言形式,比如句型结构、时态特点等。作者希望通过该文引导广大英语学习者深入了解英文报纸的语言特征,为他们提供更加高效的途径,帮助他们更有效地阅读英文报纸。     

A bottom-up approach to sentence ordering for multi-document summarization

Ordering information is a difficult but important task for applications generating natural language texts such as multi-document summarization, question answering, and concept-to-text generation. In multi-document summarization, information is selected from a set of source documents. However, improper ordering of information in a summary can confuse the reader and deteriorate the readability of the summary. Therefore, it is vital to properly order the information in multi-document summarization. We present a bottom-up approach to arrange sentences extracted for multi-document summarization. To capture the association and order of two textual segments (e.g. sentences), we define four criteria: chronology, topical-closeness, precedence, and succession. These criteria are integrated into a criterion by a supervised learning approach. We repeatedly concatenate two textual segments into one segment based on the criterion, until we obtain the overall segment with all sentences arranged. We evaluate the sentence orderings produced by the proposed method and numerous baselines using subjective gradings as well as automatic evaluation measures. We introduce the average continuity, an automatic evaluation measure of sentence ordering in a summary, and investigate its appropriateness for this task.     

一部精心编写的古代汉语教材——谈荆贵生主编的《古代汉语》兼及一些合编教材的弊端

荆贵生主编的《古代汉语》受到了专家学者们的好评。本文以一些合编教材为此照,谈了教材编写中的两个问题:一、合编教材多有内容不协调或前后矛盾的现象,而荆编教材内容协调一致,没有拼凑的痕迹;二、古代汉语教材选择例句的问题。师专教材中的例句问题很多,让师生为难,而荆编教材则为教学着想,大量选择中学文言文和教材文选中的例句,不是为出书编的教材,而是为搞好教学编的教材。