从功能语法和文化视角看英语It-句型

It-句型包括由＂非指代性it＂作形式主语的三种句子。依据功能语法主-述位理论可知,英语中相当一部分这类句子的主位-述位结合都构成如此信息结构：＂方向＋细节＂或＂态度＋现象＂;通过调查,再结合英汉语言-文化对比研究之已有成果,发现这一句型实际上是具有英语文化特色的,体现着西方人思维方式之特征。     

Written sentence production error patterns of college writers with learning disabilities

Utilizing a controlled stimulus passage to control for verbosity and topic selection, this research investigated the written syntax of 81 (60 males, 21 females) collegeable individuals demonstrating a specific learning disability. Four models of speech production disturbance (i.e., syntactical, lexical, monitoring, control) were evaluated in light of the errors identified in the rewrite paragraphs of this population. The data from this research supports the control impairment hypothesis, predicting that sentence production errors will be of the same kind as found in the language of writers demonstrating no handicapping conditions. In addition, the study investigated the correlation of specific cognitive and achievement variables to syntactical competence and error type.     

《论语》中"及"字研究

Asher等在编著的《语言及语言学百科全书》中将“语法化”定义为:具体语境中实词虚化或松散的结构紧凑化的过程。就实词虚化而言,又可分为实词向虚词的完全虚化和由意义较具体向较抽象转化的实词内部虚化。本文在对《论语》“及”字进行穷尽性分析的基础上,试图探讨“及”字的一些虚化问题。     

简析中国式英语中的句式错误

本文对中式英语中的句式错误进行了探讨,并对中式英语中的句式错误加以归纳提出了改正方法。     

文言文教学巧用虚词

文言文的教学和学习，对于许多教师和学生都是难点。但只要找到正确的切入点，学习起来就会驾轻就熟。巧用虚词，从句读、语气、句式、语意、章法几方面明晰文言虚词的作用，不失为学习文言文的有效途径。     

Expression of syntactic complexity in sentence comprehension: A comparison between dyslexic and regular readers

The present study was designed to investigate the influence of syntactic complexity on sentence comprehension in Hebrew. Participants were 40 native Hebrew-speaking 5th grade dyslexic and normally reading children aged 10–11 years. Childrens syntactic abilities were tested by three experimental measures: syntactic judgment, a sentence-picture matching task, and a sentence correction task. Each task consisted of sentences composed of five syntactic constructions varying in the level of syntactic complexity (active, passive, conjoined, object-subject relative, and subject-object relative). The length of sentences and the number of propositions in the sentences were controlled. In addition, a wide range of the childrens reading and general abilities (e.g., reading comprehension, phonological awareness, and working memory) was examined. The results indicated that dyslexic readers were less accurate and slower than good readers in all reading tasks and in the tasks on sentence comprehension. The findings suggest that the factor of syntactic complexity seems to be a relatively independent aspect of sentence comprehension. This aspect of sentence comprehension is probably not affected in dyslexic readers. Rather, processing deficit related to phonological and memory impairments of dyslexic children and their ability to process syntactic information is responsible for the difficulties in sentence comprehension.     

异常句的特殊表达效果

异常句的表现形式是个人言语行为的不合规范,其生成原因是指语词组合违反逻辑。虽然它在交际过程中所占比例很少,但它在特定语境中往往产生特殊表达效果。     

Single-document and multi-document summarization techniques for email threads using sentence compression

We present two approaches to email thread summarization: collective message summarization (CMS) applies a multi-document summarization approach, while individual message summarization (IMS) treats the problem as a sequence of single-document summarization tasks. Both approaches are implemented in our general framework driven by sentence compression. Instead of a purely extractive approach, we employ linguistic and statistical methods to generate multiple compressions, and then select from those candidates to produce a final summary. We demonstrate these ideas on the Enron email collection – a very challenging corpus because of the highly technical language. Experimental results point to two findings: that CMS represents a better approach to email thread summarization, and that current sentence compression techniques do not improve summarization performance in this genre.     

汉语无主句的英译技巧初探

中西思维方式的不同导致了中西语言表达方式上的不同。英语注重形合,比较突出主语,因而英语中的绝大部分句子都必须有主语;而汉语注重意合,突出陈述的主题内容而非主语本身。正因为此,"无主句"成为汉语语言的特色之一。依据主语的可寻性程度和隐藏性程度,"无主句"这一特殊语言现象,又可分为:相对无主句和绝对无主句。对于不同类型的汉语无主句,英译过程中需要区别对待,分类处理。本文就常见的汉语无主句的英译方法进行初步探讨。     

A deep network model for paraphrase detection in short text messages

This paper is concerned with paraphrase detection, i.e., identifying sentences that are semantically identical. The ability to detect similar sentences written in natural language is crucial for several applications, such as text mining, text summarization, plagiarism detection, authorship authentication and question answering. Recognizing this importance, we study in particular how to address the challenges with detecting paraphrases in user generated short texts, such as Twitter, which often contain language irregularity and noise, and do not necessarily contain as much semantic information as longer clean texts. We propose a novel deep neural network-based approach that relies on coarse-grained sentence modelling using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, combined with a specific fine-grained word-level similarity matching model. More specifically, we develop a new architecture, called DeepParaphrase, which enables to create an informative semantic representation of each sentence by (1) using CNN to extract the local region information in form of important n-grams from the sentence, and (2) applying RNN to capture the long-term dependency information. In addition, we perform a comparative study on state-of-the-art approaches within paraphrase detection. An important insight from this study is that existing paraphrase approaches perform well when applied on clean texts, but they do not necessarily deliver good performance against noisy texts, and vice versa. In contrast, our evaluation has shown that the proposed DeepParaphrase-based approach achieves good results in both types of texts, thus making it more robust and generic than the existing approaches.