黑龙江省中学生排球课余训练初始动机研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析黑龙江省中学生排球课余训练参训动机构成,以内、外部动机进行分类通过对中学生参训内外部动机的组成因素分析,得出不同性别中学生参训内外动机方面存在一定差异。本研究丰富黑龙江省青少年排球训练理论,为中学排球教练员提供理论参考。     

体育教学中学生创造力的激发与培养——来自实践的案例分析

本文就构成体育教学过程的四个基本要素(即教师、教材、学生、媒介),认为教师转换视角和思维方式,突破常规组织专教法的局限,将有利于更好地激发与培养学生的创造力。     

What's in Your Box? Promoting Self-Reflection and Analysis of External Influences on Gender Expression and Sexual Orientation Attitudes

This lesson plan is designed to stimulate awareness and reflection on personal attitudes toward gender expression and sexual orientation. Participants are guided to identify and analyze how external influences from various socialization agents shape gender and sexual orientation norms and, consequently, personal attitudes about gender expression and sexual orientation. This lesson introduces a box as a metaphor for a human being, with the intention of enlightening participants that humans are dynamic beings with unique characteristics that do not necessarily fit in neat boxes. This lesson plan describes how to achieve these goals in college classrooms and with other adult learners.     

Community Attitudes Toward School-Based Sexuality Education in a Conservative State

The purpose of this study was to assess community attitudes toward school-based abstinence-plus sexuality education. A dual sampling approach of landlines and cell phones resulted in 988 adults from two counties completing The South Carolina Survey of Public Opinion on Pregnancy Prevention. Among respondents, 87.1% supported school-based abstinence-plus sexuality education, and most of them agreed that various topics (abstinence, sexually transmitted diseases/HIV/AIDS, contraception) should be taught in grades 6 through 8. Few supporters believed that providing birth control information makes it more likely for teens to have sex. There was general consensus that schools and community settings should do more to prevent teen pregnancy and despite a conservative climate, respondents of this study support abstinence-plus sexuality education.     

Soft-Core in TV Time: The Political Economy of a “Cultural Trend”

This essay deconstructs popular notions that “sex sells” in an increasingly sexualized U.S. popular culture by examining the specific political, social, and economic forces behind the creation and expansion of Girls Gone Wild, a home video series marketed through television infomercials. The crackdown on hard-core pornography, followed by the opening of television infomercial markets, paved the way for the series’ creator to bring together the structural organization of a new soft-core video industry with the marketing aims of a cable industry eager to sell young, male ratings.     

Motor Development: Exploring the motor competence of 4-year-old Norwegian children

This study set out to explore motor competence in 4-year-old children. This age group has not been previously tested in Norway. Ninety-one 4-year-old children from ten nursery schools were tested using the Movement ABC test. The most striking finding was that only one out of 91 children would be classified as clumsy within the fifth percentile of the USA norms, with seven children being 'borderline'. The study also showed that out of the eight children failing in the motor impaired and borderline groups, seven were boys. Clear sex differences were also apparent in the development of motor skills. On the total scores and in the two of three sections (manual dexterity and balance) boys were significantly worse than girls. There were no significant differences between the sexes with respect to ball skills competence.     

Improving Upon Nature: The Rhetorical Ecology of Chemical Language,Reproductive Endocrinology,and the Medicalization of Infertility

Chemical theories of human fertility and reproduction first became prevalent in both technical and mainstream media outlets beginning in the 1930s and 1940s, and they have remained prevalent to this day. In this essay, I analyze a selection of primary sources from this era that defined human fertility as a chemically induced process, rather than, for instance, a characteristic related to the conservation of nervous energy or to moral physiology. The resulting rhetorical history demonstrates the ways in which this chemical rhetoric was appropriated to re-envision sex, gender, and reproductive health in light of appeals to biochemical variability, artificiality, and technical expertise. Tracing these appeals sheds light on the rhetorical ecology that supported the widespread medicalization of (in)fertility and demonstrates how public vocabularies of science and medicine are constituted as they move across and interact with broader social discourses.     

How do men and women differ in research collaborations? An analysis of the collaborative motives and strategies of academic researchers

Do men and women academic faculty vary in their research collaboration patterns and strategies? This straightforward question does not lend itself to a straightforward answer. A great many sex-correlated variables could possibly mitigate the relationship of sex and collaboration. If one finds sex-correlated differences in the number of collaborators, can one infer that there is something intrinsic to men's and women's work strategies and preferences? Or would such differences owe instead to women's and men's different positions in work structures and hierarchies? The focus here is on two sets of research collaboration variables, numbers of collaborators and the collaboration strategies employed. The study uses questionnaire data from the U.S. National Survey of Academic Scientists (n = 1714) and tests several hypotheses about collaboration numbers and strategies. Regression results indicate, counter to the core hypotheses and almost all published literature, that in a properly specified model, one taking into account such factors as tenure, discipline, family status and doctoral cohort, women actually have somewhat more collaborators on average than do men. For both men and women, those with more industrial interactions and those affiliated with university research centers have more collaborators. Men and women differ in their collaborator choice strategies. Men are more likely to be oriented to “instrumental,” and “experience” strategies, while both men and women are motivated by “mentoring” strategies. Regression analyses show that for both men and women, having a coherent collaborator choice strategy predicts the number of collaborators.     

Oxygen uptake kinetics in children and adults after the onset of moderate-intensity exercise

The literature suggests that the oxygen uptake ( V O 2 ) response to the onset of moderate-intensity exercise may be both mature from childhood and independent of sex. Yet the cardiorespiratory response to exercise and the metabolic profile of the muscle appear to change with growth and deve . lopment and to differ between the sexes. The aim of this study was to investigate further changes in the V O2 kinetic response with age and sex. Participants completed a series of no less than four step change transitions, from unloaded pedalling to a constant work rate corresponding to 80% of their previously determined ventilatory threshold. Each participant's breath-by-breath responses were interpolated to 1 s intervals, time aligned and then averaged. A single exponential model that included a time delay was used to analyse the averaged response following phase 1 (15 s). Participants with parameter confidence intervals more than - 5 s were removed from the sample; the results for the remaining 13 men and 12 women (age 19-26 years), 12 boys and 11 girls (age 11-12 years) were used for statistical analysis. Children had a significantly shorter time constant than adults, both for males (19.0 - 2.0 and 27.9 - 8.6 s respectively; P ? 0.01) and females (21.0 - 5.5 and 26.0 - 4.5 s respectively; P ? 0.05). There were no significant differences in the time constant between the sexes for either adults or children ( P > 0.05). A significant relationship between the time constant and peak V O 2 was found only in adult males ( P ? 0.05). A shorter time constant in children may reflect an enhanced potential for oxidative metabolism.     

Reference Values for Some Renal Function Parameters for Adult Population in North-Rift Valley,Kenya

A population based, cross-sectional study was carried out at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in collaboration with the Regional Blood Transfusion Center, North Rift. 367 participants (211 males and 156 females) were involved in the renal function reference range establishment. Reference ranges were constructed using non-parametric methods to estimate 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of distribution as lower and upper reference limits, respectively. Results showed significant sex and age specific reference values in some of the established renal function parameters. North Rift Kenyan population clinical chemistry reference ranges differ from the American values commonly used in Kenyan Hospitals. The renal function reference values established in this study some of which are sex and age specific can be adopted for the North Rift Kenyan population.