Sibship composition,birth order and education: Evidence from Vietnam

This paper examines the effects of sibship composition and birth order on the school enrolment and educational attainment of children, using data from the Vietnam Population and Housing Census 2009. Utilizing an instrumental variable estimation method to address the endogeneity of sibship size, we find that it has a significant, negative effect on child education. Examining the impact of sibling sex composition, we find that having an additional boy lowers children’s average educational attainment for both girls and boys. We establish that birth order has a significant, negative effect on child educational attainment, although that effect seems to vanish with the youngest sibling. Our findings have several policy implications. First, the negative effect of sibship size on education implies that Vietnam’s lower fertility rate, the result of family planning policy during the 1990s and 2000s, may contribute to its remarkable educational achievements. Second, we find that birth order and sibling sex composition are more important than sibship size in children’s educational outcomes. As parents disproportionately allocate more resources for boys and earlier born children, government-targeted programs should tackle those issues to provide equal school opportunities for all children.     

谈王小波《黄金时代》独特的精神关照

本文从王小波的《黄金时代》的文本分析入手,探求在荒谬的境遇下特立独行的自由主义立场,以及将反抗荒谬进行到底的独特的精神关照。《黄金时代》以黑色幽默的手法作为主流话语的对立面,以性作为王小波笔下挑战权利、反抗荒谬的有力武器,最终阐释了关于自由和存在的独特意义。     

法律职业共同体建设背景下高校刑法教学理念研究

刑法作为一门应用性极强的学科,在社会生活的各个层面发挥着不可替代的作用,当穷尽其他手段无法实现法益保护的时候,刑法便会褪去谦抑的面纱,发挥其"终结者"的作用。刑法的适用关系到个案正义与人权保障,高校刑法教学理应贯彻"正义、刑罚、责任一体"之理念,同时,在教学中"有利于犯罪人原则"理念的展开,对犯罪人人权保障、刑法理论研究、司法实践探索以及法律职业共同体建设大有裨益。     

Self-reported neglect,amygdala volume,and symptoms of anxiety in adolescent boys

Experiences of psychosocial neglect affect the developing brain and may place individuals at increased risk for anxiety. The majority of research in this area has focused on children who have experienced severe psychosocial deprivation; it is not clear whether typical variation in neglect experienced in community samples would have the same neurobiological consequences as those documented in extreme samples. The present study examined the associations among self-reported childhood neglect, amygdala volume, and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of 138 adolescents ages 9–15 years (43% male). Linear mixed modeling yielded a three-way interaction of neglect, sex, and brain hemisphere, reflecting a significant positive association between neglect and right amygdala volume in boys. Additional analyses indicated that right amygdala volume significantly mediated the association between neglect and anxiety symptoms in boys. These findings are consistent with previous reports of larger amygdala volumes in previously institutionalized children, and with documented associations between caregiving deprivation and anxiety symptoms. The results suggest that the effects of childhood neglect on limbic structures are sex-specific and lateralized, and provide support for a neural mechanism relating childhood neglect to later difficulties in emotional functioning.     

建构我国犯罪被害人国家补偿制度的设想

被害人问题是伴随着犯罪问题而存在的一个重要的社会问题。但长期以来社会对犯罪被害人权利问题一直未引起高度关注,致使被害人成了一个被忽视的群体。随着被害人权利的逐渐受到重视．建构我国犯罪被害人国家补偿制度就成为我国刑事政策研究中的重要课题。     

Sex hormone binding globulin in breast cancer

The present study was undertaken to determine the significance of sex hormone binding globulin, the major and specific binding protein for testosterone and estradiol, in breast cancer. Among breast cancer patients, lower serum levels of Sex hormone binding globulin and higher levels of testosterone were observed. Sex hormone binding globulin showed an inverse relationship with testosterone and total cholesterol, and a direct relation with HDL-cholesterol. By the western blot analyses, Sex hormone binding globulin was detected in all biological samples that we examined. In the breast tumor tissue sections, immuno-staining for Sex hormone binding globulin was confined in cell cytoplasm and 29% cases were positive, which showed no association with the investigated prognostic markers of breast cancer such as ER and HER-2/neu over-expression. In this study, decreased circulating levels of Sex hormone binding globulin in breast cancer patients possibly indicate higher bioavailable estrogens.     

黑斑蛙繁殖期血液中性激素的变化与性腺发育关系

本文研究了黑斑蛙繁殖期血液中性激素与性腺发育、排精、排卵的关系 ,结果表明黑斑蛙每年清明前后产卵 ,产卵季节雄蛙血液中睾酮和雌蛙血液中雌二醇含量匀较高 ,四月中下旬达到最大值 ,繁殖季节过后 ,性激素迅速下降     

人类的性别决定与先天性疾病

人类的性别是在性型结构和性基因数量的双重作用下由 ,有效数量大的X基因或Y基因决定性别 .各种性型的X基因与Y基因的有效数量的比率———性指数X/Y和Y/X :为 1.0时 ,发育为中性人 ;为 2 .0时 ,发良为正常女性和正常男性 ;为 3.0时 ,发育为超雌女性和超雄男性 .     

The roles of culture and fairness in maintaining relationships: A comparison of romantic partners from Malaysia,Singapore, and the United States

The present study concerns how culture connects to perceptions of equity and relational maintenance behavior in the United States (US), Malaysia, and Singapore. In doing so, this study extends findings that employed cultural modernization theory (CMT) and equity theory to explain cultural and individual variations in relational maintenance behavior. Sex differences were also examined. Three countries were selected for their proximity in Traditional (vs. Rational) Values and divergence in Survival (vs. Self Expression) Values, according to the World Values Survey (WVS) cultural map. Consistent with CMT assumptions, participants in the United States and Malaysia (i.e., countries that espouse self expression values) reported greater use of relational maintenance strategies than did those in Singapore (i.e., a country endorsing survival values). As hypothesized, curvilinear associations between equity and relational maintenance strategies were found for the US participants only. This finding concurs with CMT-grounded assumptions and facts that romantic partners in Western (vs. Eastern), high-income societies (e.g., the US) seek equitable relationships. Sex differences also emerged but only for the US participants.     

From Silent Screen to Multi-screen: A History of Cinema Exhibition in Britain since 1896. By Stuart Hanson/The British Musical Film. By John Mundy.

ABSTRACT

This article explores the political, economic, media and social reactions to the Sex Pistols' Anarchy Tour of December 1976. A critical reading of the sociological concept of ‘moral panic’ is used to examine the ways in which responses to the Sex Pistols were related to the notion of post-war decline, immorality, delinquent youth and the changing nature of the British working class. The responses to the Anarchy Tour constitute a further episode in the cycle of ‘moral panics' that emerged in British society in connection with the development of youth culture, juvenile delinquency and popular music. The exploration that follows posits the view that although ‘moral panic’ is useful for understanding particular aspects of popular music, it also conceals the complexity of the differing responses of political/social groups to the appearance of such phenomena. The article also forms a critique of recent revisionist characterizations of Britain in the 1970s. The ‘moral panic’ surrounding the Sex Pistols was in part ‘socially constructed’ by the media, yet reactions by trade unionists, students, feminists and socialists show that concerns about British society in 1976 were not confined to religious pressure groups, conservative media commentators and political elites.