Sex equity in French newspaper photographs: A content analysis of 2012 Olympic Games by L'Equipe

Abstract

The aim of this article was to examine sex equity in the photographic coverage of the London 2012 Olympic Games by a French sports daily newspaper. A sample of 1073 photographs was collected and analysed. A content analysis was carried out focusing on the number of photographs, the space they cover, their location and position, the type and colour of shot and the sport they depict. A significant under-representation of female athletes’ photographs was found. However, contrary to most of previous research in this field, the other quantitative and qualitative variables do not show any differences. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the number of photographs for each sport and the number of French medals was found (for women, for men and for the whole sample), suggesting that the photographic coverage of this event is mainly based on the success of French athletes independently of their sex.     

Cads,Dads, and Magazines: Women's Sexual Preferences and Articles about Sex and Relationships

The framing of sexual content in women's magazines reflect two different approaches to the selection of a romantic partner: the selection of (a) a stable partner for a long-term relationship vs. (b) an attractive rogue for a fling. The effects of such framing on women's partner preferences were explored in this laboratory experiment. Women with different relationship goals were randomly assigned to read an article from a women's lifestyle magazine (Cosmopolitan) that framed sex in either relational or recreational terms before completing explicit and implicit measures of partner trait preferences. Article frame did affect the importance of appearance-related traits in a potential romantic partner as well as implicit preferences for frame-consistent partner traits. Results are discussed in terms of media framing effects.     

Age,sex, and racial differences in harsh physical punishment: Results from a nationally representative United States sample

The purpose of this research was to examine age, sex, and racial differences in the prevalence of harsh physical punishment in childhood in a nationally representative sample of the United States. Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) collected in 2004 and 2005 (n = 34,653). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine age, sex, and racial differences in the prevalence of harsh physical punishment. Results suggest that the prevalence of harsh physical punishment has been decreasing among more recently born age groups; however, there appear to be sex and racial differences in this trend over time. The magnitude of the decrease appears to be stronger for males than for females. By race, the decrease in harsh physical punishment over time is only apparent among Whites; Black participants demonstrate little change over time, and harsh physical punishment seems to be increasing over time among Hispanics. Prevention and intervention efforts that educate about the links of physical punishment to negative outcomes and alternative non-physical discipline strategies may be particularly useful in reducing the prevalence of harsh physical punishment over time.     

人际圈理论在智力落后儿童性心理健康教育中的应用

智力落后儿童由于自身的缺陷,在成长中会遇到很多有关性的问题的困扰,因此性教育应当成为智力落后教育中的重要领域。国外学者所提出的“人际圈理论”对于促进智力落后儿童形成正确的心理-社会性适应能力有着积极的意义。“人际圈理论”按照亲密关系将与个体生活关系不同的人群分别安排在不同距离的同心圆中,并且用不同的颜色代表个体应该采取的合适行为,可以帮助智力落后者直观地习得正确的社会交往行为。     

客观归责理论下对统一正犯化体系的反思

统一正犯化体系能够克服正犯与共犯难以区分的问题,同时具有定罪和处罚更为科学合理等特点,这些优势逐渐得到了一些学者的认同。但是,在引入客观归责理论进一步分析统一正犯化体系时,因归责判断的缺少性使其不能贯彻犯罪论中法益原则和归责原则进而使自身面临全面崩溃的危险。所以,合理的共犯体系利用客观归责理论进行归责判断不可缺少,其重要性在于利用归责判断可以解决共同犯罪中的行为归责和结果归责等问题。     

Teaching skills and personal characteristics of sex education teachers

This article examines relationships between various dimensions of teachers' professionalism, that is, pedagogical content knowledge and personal characteristics. Using Shulman's notion of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) we explored the practical knowledge of twenty sex education teachers using in-depth interviews. It appeared that both core elements of PCK, teacher strategy and teacher style (PCK1) and teacher knowledge of student conceptions and learning difficulties (PCK2), are associated with one another in such a way that PCK2 is a prerequisite to PCK1. Furthermore, the PCK of sex education teachers is related to personal characteristics, personality and past experiences with sex education (as a pupil and as a teacher-in-training).     

Sex differences in object location memory: Some further methodological considerations

Previously it has been reported that female performance on the recall of objects and their locations in a spatial array is superior to that of males. This may reflect underlying information-processing biases whereby males organize information in a self-referential manner while females adopt a more comprehensive approach. The known female advantage in verbal memory may, however, account for this sex difference. In an initial experiment we found no overall sex differences in object or object-location memory. The inclusion of a verbal distracter task revealed gender-congruent biases in performance. A final study examined some methodological issues associated with the design of item arrays. After controlling for differences in item distinctiveness, performance on object-location was found to be substantially influenced by the distance that items were displaced in the array. These findings demonstrate that certain methodological factors can significantly affect the attentional and mnemonic processes that operate when performing tasks of this nature and can negate underlying sex differences in performance.     

论嫖宿幼女罪废除的必要性

嫖宿幼女罪,从理论上看,严重冲击中国传统文化,违背了国人的道德底线,侵害了幼女的合法权益,违反了刑法的基本原则.从立法上看,嫖宿幼女罪与强奸罪客观要件存在着完全或部分重合,客观上赋予了幼女的性自由权,与民法规定相悖.从刑法上看,量刑与罪行相应的刑法原则相背离,司法实践中极易放纵犯罪分子.正确的做法是废除嫖宿幼女罪,嫖宿幼女的行为以强奸罪论处,从而在刑法上给幼女身心健康以最大的保护.     

后殖民主义视角下的“伪满洲国”日本女性——以牛岛春子为中心

"伪满"的日本左翼转向女作家牛岛春子,在她的短篇小说《女人》中,细腻而深刻的描述了女性的心路历程,在"伪满"这个殖民地男权社会里,作为女性,牛岛春子感到了自卑,她为了谋求与男性相同的地位和权利,极力地强调夸大只有女性才能做到的事情一生子。并且在战争中,"母性政策"和"贤妻良母"政策的大背景下,刻画出了"军国母亲"的形象。"伪满"的日本女性,可以说既是殖民地男权社会中感到自卑的受害者,对于殖民地的人民来说,又是不可否认的加害者。     

Effectiveness of relationships and sex education: A systematic review of terminology,content, pedagogy,and outcomes

This paper presents a systematic review on published research on universal school-based relationships and sex education for children aged 4–18 years. The review excludes papers focused solely on targeted cohorts, specific content areas and approaches such as abstinence-only education. Systematic searches were conducted with 5007 papers identified and following three rounds of screening, 134 papers were included in this review. The review sought to identify the terms used to describe sex education, the content included in programs or curriculum, the approaches forming the basis for implementation, the methods used to evaluate programs including the outcomes assessed. We conclude that the terms used in the field are vast, the content varied, approaches were wide-ranging, methods numerous and claims to effectiveness fluctuated and at times contrasted. Future research should seek to identify consistency in terminology and content, identify pedagogical approaches that are fully described building on the field of expertise in education, and engage highly rigorous methods and expertise in evaluation. The field of sex education must be recognized socially and institutionally so that appropriate funding and resources can be distributed to achieve the depth and breadth of knowledge required to progress the field. The implications of this impact on children's access to and ability to develop knowledge, skills, behaviours and critical thinking about themselves and their relationships.