性型结构与性别决定

雌雄异体生物的各种性型,不是由一些游离的染色体组成的混合物,而是通过性健些染色体联结成为不同结构形式的有机整体．各种染色体合的性基因,通过性键在性别决定中起作用供各种性型分别发育为不同性别的生物体昆虫的性型结构为开放型,人类的性型结构为封闭型,由此千万昆虫和人类的X染色体和常染色体组在性别决定中的作用各不相同．     

大学生就业中遭遇的文凭歧视研究——基于公平就业视角

基于公平就业视角,分析了大学生就业中遭遇的文凭歧视现状,探讨了文凭歧视在法学、经济学和社会学三方面的原因,并据此提出了从理念、法律、制度三个层面系统解决文凭歧视的对策。     

鸣禽燕雀鸣唱控制核团的性二形性

用常规组织学方法和微机数字处理系统测量了成年雌、雄鸣禽燕雀鸣唱控制主要核团ＨＶＣ、ＲＡ、Ｘ区、ｎⅫｔｓ以及对照核团ＳｐＭ的体积．结果表明,位于前脑的鸣唱相关核团ＨＶＣ、ＲＡ、Ｘ区均具有明显的性别差异,而位于低位中枢的ｎⅫｔｓ以及与发声无关的ＳｐＭ均无性别差异     

Decisions and attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: does the gender of the perpetrator make a difference to child protection professionals?

Objective: An investigation was conducted into whether child protection investigators, specifically social workers and the police, are as likely to take seriously a case of child sexual abuse if it had been perpetrated by a female rather than a male. Also, to examine whether the decisions relating to female-perpetrated abuse were predicted by participants’ sex role perceptions of women and their attitudes concerning women’s sexualized behavior towards children.Method: Participants advocated decisions in response to four hypothetical case of child sexual abuse in which the perpetrator was either male or female. The female perpetrators were then rated on femininity and masculinity characteristics and attitudes concerning women’s sexualized behavior toward children were assessed.Results: Following male—rather than female—perpetrated sexual abuse, case registration and imprisonment of the perpetrator was considered more appropriate by all participant groups; male social workers also considered social services involvement and investigation as more appropriate. A substantial number of decisions concerning female perpetrated abuse were predicted by participants’ attitudes.Conclusion: While child protection professionals considered child sexual abuse perpetrated by females to be a serious issue warranting intervention, a number of advocated decisions suggested that they did not consider female-perpetrated abuse to be as serious as male-perpetrated abuse. The implication is that victims of sexual abuse perpetrated by a woman may be less likely to receive the protection afforded victims of male-perpetrated abuse. Furthermore, professionals’ practices may be inadvertently perpetuating the view that female child sexual abuse is rare or less harmful than abuse carried out by males.Spanish abstract was not available at time of publication.     

Actions for sociopolitical consciousness in a high school science class: A case study of ninth grade class with predominantly indigenous students

This case study explores how a group of Grade 9 students engaged in sociopolitical discourses and actions in a science class in a mostly indigenous student school in Nepal. The study used sociopolitical consciousness (SPC) as a framework to document and understand indigenous students’ SPC-oriented science interactions and subsequent social change actions. We used ethnographic methods of data collection over 6 months. The study focused on the actions of 4 girls and 2 boys belonging to the indigenous Tharu group. Data were analyzed using iterative qualitative methods. The study findings show that students are capable of engaging in critical thinking, critical reflecting, and taking actions for social change. Additionally, students are competent to link their experiences with social, structural, and political discrimination to the relevant science content they learn. The study presents four thematic findings related to SPC and science teaching and learning: Fostering social justice awareness in science class, fostering structural understanding of inequities in sickle cell disease, fostering sociopolitical actions for sickle cell disease, and the teacher's activist pedagogy for SPC in science learning. Implications of the study are that culturally relevant pedagogy helps indigenous students to become sociopolitically more aware of the links between science and social change. Adding aspects of critical pedagogies in science teaching could encourage students to become more sociopolitically reflective about science learning.     

Psychological responses to reservation-based discrimination: A qualitative study of socially marginalized youth at a premier Indian university

Given the history of caste politics in India, it is not surprising that the socially marginalized students face discrimination, especially after the introduction of the reservation policy (affirmative action) in educational institutes. Our qualitative study, informed by Meyer’s Minority Stress model, analysed in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students, 3 faculty members, and 4 administrative officials at a premier Indian university to examine the psychological wellbeing of the reserved category students. We analysed how the discrimination processes contributed to students’ poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and weak motivation. Student group affiliations and university resources created a supportive environment for the socially marginalized, despite a small risk of stigmatization due to enrolment in a few campus support-programs. Moreover, there existed a palpable frustration among the socially privileged students, resulting in discriminatory attitudes against reserved categories but not “lower” caste. Our findings call for the attention of college administrators, policymakers, and the society at large to ensure that well-intended social justice policies are efficiently implemented, to deliver justice to the underprivileged students of India.     

对传统性别歧视教育依据的首次解构

性别歧视教育实施的根据是男优女劣天生论和才智有损女德论。戊戌妇女运动对其中国版本男智女愚天生论和“女子无才便是德”进行了与西方早期女权运动同样的批判,指出男智女愚并非天生而是后天性别歧视教育所塑成,亦可通过改变教育来改变;女性必须通过正规教育增长才识,才能具备道德能力。其批判首次动摇了传统性别歧视教育的基础,成为中国争取教育性别公平的开端,亦说明至少中西早期妇女运动的水平不分轩轾,西方学术界茏统地认为中国妇女运动远比西方落后是偏见。     

美国禁止就业年龄歧视的立法及权利救济机制

为了保障中高龄者平等就业,美国制定了<雇佣中的年龄歧视法>.该法对雇佣中各种场合的年龄歧视行为加以禁止,并规定了权利救济条款.美国的禁止就业年龄歧视法律制度对保障中高龄者平等就业发挥了重要作用,其法律制度和救济机制对我国具有很大的启示意义.     

基于MTS的判别分析研究

马田系统是一种新的模式识别技术,这种技术的主要思想是通过构造一多维基准测量空间对多维数据资料进行诊断与预测。通过对马田系统基本原理的研究,将其应用于Fisher关于鸢尾花类型的判别问题,结果表明,MTS方法具有良好的判别效果。     

歧视女性的汉语称谓词语

汉语称谓词语反映了严重的女性歧视。文章从男性中心制的亲属称谓,贬女称谓词和尊男称谓词三个方面比较全面的整理了反映女性歧视的汉语称谓词语,以期促进新时期男女平等。