歧视女性的汉语称谓词语

汉语称谓词语反映了严重的女性歧视。文章从男性中心制的亲属称谓,贬女称谓词和尊男称谓词三个方面比较全面的整理了反映女性歧视的汉语称谓词语,以期促进新时期男女平等。     

劳动力市场统计性歧视的起因、长期性和反歧视措施研究

统计性歧视模型利用劳动能力信息非完全的思想对劳动力市场长期存在的非生产力特征引起的工资差距现象做出了充分的解释.研究发现:群体能力差距、群体能力测量效度差距和人力资本投资内生化是产生统计性歧视的三个主要原因.而雇主更新能力信息的低效率、歧视效应的代际传递,以及雇主在能力甄别中的策略性行为使得统计性歧视能够长期存在.文章同时也总结了实证研究的主要发现和结论,评述了反歧视措施的有效性.     

批评性话语分析视角下的性别不平等

批评性话语分析是国外近二十年来兴起的一种话语分析方法。尽管批评性话语分析对权势与控制的方方面面多有涉及,但社会不平等尤其是性别不平等在这一话语分析方法下却鲜有论及,本文将着力探讨这一问题。在分析性别不平等表现的同时,以批评性话语分析为方法论分析形成原因和解决的途径。     

Sexism in the English Lexicon

For a long time,there exists a considerable amount of sexism in English,especially in English lexicon.In this paper,the author will discuss some presentations of sexism in English lexicon,and try to analyze some factors which have a great influence on the existence of sexism in English.This paper wants to arouse more and more people to realize the importance and urgency of desexism.     

A systematic review of the state of the literature on sexually exploited boys internationally

This systematic review assessed the current state of the literature on sexually exploited boys internationally. We aimed to describe what is known about sexual exploitation of boys, identify gaps in the literature, provide implications for practice, and make recommendations for future research. Multiple database searches were conducted using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords to capture child and adolescent sexual exploitation. Our search identified 11,099 unique references and excluded studies that did not include male participants less than 18 years old or disaggregate results by relevant age groups and/or by sex. This review identified 42 studies from 23 countries, providing evidence that sexual exploitation of boys is an issue in both high- and low-income countries. Seventeen articles had sexual exploitation as their primary variable of interest, the majority of which sampled boys who accessed services (i.e., shelters, health care, social, and justice services). Boys’ experiences of sexual exploitation varied in terms of venue, exploiters, and compensation. Compared to their non-sexually exploited peers, sexually exploited boys more commonly reported experiences of child abuse, substance use, conduct problems, and mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and self-harm. Despite increasing evidence that boys are sexually exploited around the world, the current literature provides limited data about the antecedents, sequelae, and the specific features of sexual exploitation experiences among boys. Further research is needed to inform, policy, social services and health care delivery specific to the needs of sexually exploited boys.     

Depression,anxiety and PTSD in sexually abused adolescents: Association with self-efficacy,coping and family support

Sexual abuse has the potential to generate serious emotional consequences for its victims, but there is high variability in the symptoms reported by different victims. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the factors associated with the symptoms presented by sexual abuse victims. The aim of the study was to use a single model to evaluate the relationship between sexual abuse characteristics (frequency, violence, relation with the aggressor and physical commitment), cognitive and behavioral factors (self-efficacy, active coping and perceived family support) and internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress) in a group of sexually abused adolescents. The participants included 106 female adolescent victims of sexual abuse (M = 14.25 years, SD = 1.74). The results of a path analysis indicated that sexual abuse characteristics were unrelated to symptomatology. Only a negative relationship was observed between the victim’s relationship with the aggressor and PTSD symptomatology. The violence of the sexual abuse was negatively related to self-efficacy, and self-efficacy was positively related to active coping and negatively related to symptomatology. Finally, the perception of family support was positively related to self-efficacy and negatively related to symptomatology. These results suggest the need to consider the studied factors in the process of psychotherapy with victims of sexual abuse.     

National survey of hospital child protection teams in Japan

This study aimed to investigate the penetration rate of child protection teams (CPTs) in medical institutions and associations between CPT functions and hospital services. We collected data in October of 2015 from 377 hospitals in Japan offering pediatric organ transplantation. The questionnaire included questions regarding the existence of a CPT, the number of child maltreatment cases discussed and reported per year, CPT functions including 21 items about staffing, manuals, meeting, prevention, education, and collaboration, and the services provided by the hospital. Of the 377 institutions, 122 (32.4%) answered the survey. There were significant associations between CPT functions and the number of pediatric beds (r = .27), number of pediatricians (r = .27), number of outpatients (r = .39), number of emergency outpatients (r = .28), and emergency medical care (p = .009). In a multiple regression analysis, CPT functions were significantly associated with the number of CPT members, pediatric outpatient numbers, and pediatric emergency outpatient numbers. Japan has no CPT guidelines that outline what CPTs should offer in terms of structure, staffing, functions, and systems. Hospitals with many pediatric and emergency outpatients are expected to play major roles in providing services such as specialty care, intensive care, and education. They are also expected to play a role in detecting and managing child maltreatment, and have, by their own initiative, improved their capacities to achieve these goals.     

Maltreatment type,exposure characteristics,and mental health outcomes among clinic referred trauma-exposed youth

Building upon prior research documenting differential effects of psychological maltreatment, physical, and sexual abuse on youth mental health outcomes (Spinazzola et al., 2014), the present study sought to clarify the relative predictive contributions of type of maltreatment compared to salient exposure characteristics. The sample included 5058 clinic-referred youth from the Core Dataset (CDS) of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) with lifetime histories of exposure to one or more of three specific types of maltreatment: psychological maltreatment (PM), physical abuse (PA), and sexual abuse (SA). First, we examined variations in salient trauma characteristics (age of onset, duration of exposure, number of co-occurring trauma types, and perpetrator type and number) by maltreatment group. Second, we examined whether type of maltreatment remained associated with mental health measures after adjusting for demographic variables and trauma characteristics. Profiles for youth with PM were more severe than youth who experienced either PA or SA only. Co-occurring PM and PA was associated with the most severe trauma exposure profile and with severity of PTSD symptoms, even after adjusting for demographic and trauma characteristics. Youth exposed to SA only had a distinct trauma profile and greater PTSD symptom severity after adjusting for demographic and trauma characteristic variables. Study findings hold important implications for trauma screening, assessment, and intervention, as well as for traumatic stress research methods that extend beyond abuse-specific or cumulative-risk approaches.     

对大学生就业中歧视问题的思考

文章解读了就业歧视的概念及理论,阐明了就业歧视的判断标准;对我国高校毕业生市场的就业歧视现状进行分析,并对其形成原因做了探讨;提出了解决大学生就业歧视问题的对策和建议。     

内隐认知与汉字学教学

运用内隐认知理论来从事语言学习的研究收获很大,但是以前研究者往往忽视内隐认知与汉字学习的关系,事实上,正确把握内隐认知与汉字感悟、汉字识读、汉字辨析和汉字文化等的关系,可以在汉字学教学中取得很好的教学效果。