司空图《二十四诗品》主旨辨析

对于《二十四诗品》,无论是把它看成一个完整的理论体系,还是把它仅仅归结为风格论或者创作论,都不可避免地存在着理论漏洞和逻辑矛盾。从司空图整体的诗学体系出发,充分考虑到作者的创作意图,我们就会发现《二十四诗品》是对味外之味艰苦探索的结晶,是用形象化的方式所表述的艺术审美经验的24种基本类型。     

正项级数敛散性的次数判别法

次数判别法是判别正项级数∑n=1^ ∞Qα(n)Pβ(n)敛散性的一种新方法，通过理论和应用上的论证和说明，此类判别法较其他判别法应用简单、方便。     

时距认知的年龄差异

年龄是影响时距认知的一个重要因素。基于时间认知的信息加工模型。通过对时距估计和时距辨别两种任务条件下的有关年龄差异研究的回顾，发现虽然相关的研究结果没有确定的结论。但年老被试在时距加工的准确性和变异性上与年轻被试存在显著的差异。由于研究中所采用的时距长度、任务不同，内部时钟频率、注意和记忆都可能导致时距认知上的年龄差异。现代脑成像技术可为研究时距认知年龄差异的机制提供有效的手段。     

Incidence and impact of sexual abuse in a child outpatient sample: The role of direct inquiry

From the child psychiatry outpatient department of a university medical center, 64 charts were reviewed in two phases: 29 were randomly selected from outpatient files, and 35 were examined after clinicians were asked to directly query sexual abuse. Although the reported sexual abuse rate for randomly selected charts was quite low (6.9%), reference to sexual abuse history in charts of children who were asked about molestation was 4.5 times more frequent (31.4%; 11.5% of all boys, 50% of all girls). Children with an identified sexual abuse history reported more psychological symptoms, had made more suicide attempts in the past, and were more likely than nonabused children to receive a diagnosis of major depression.     

Epidemiologic variations in childhood sexual abuse

We retrospectively reviewed records of 566 children ranging from 6 months to 16 years of age who presented to a sexual assault crisis center. They represented 33.2% of all alleged sexual assault victims seen over a 36 month period. There were 103 males (18.2%) and 463 females (81.8%). Significant differences in presentation were demonstrated with respect to the victim's age, sex, and race, but the major factor influencing the variation is the victim/assailant relationship. Younger children were more likely than older children to present with histories of multiple assaults (p less than .0005), by known assailants (p less than .0005), occurring in the child's or assailant's home (p less than .001) and to report less violence (p less than .05). More risk of violence (p less than .0005) or evidence of trauma (p less than .0005) and less reporting of home assaults (p less than .0005) or multiple assault episodes (p less than .0005) were found in assaults by strangers when compared with non-stranger assaults. A lower frequency of reporting was found in females between 7 and 11 years of age. The dynamics of childhood sexual abuse are discussed in relationship to these findings. A number of victim and assailant related factors determine reporting patterns of childhood sexual abuse.     

带指事性质的象形字与指事字辨析

从概念上来说,"六书"中的每种汉字结构的归类都是明确的,但就一个汉字来说,究竟属于哪种构字法,有时却不易确定.所以,诸多学者倾向于"三书说",将象形、指事归为一类,但这只是在回避问题.其实,象形、指事有明显的区别,存在于带指事性质的象形字与指事字之间.     

性别语言研究发展透析

性别语言是语言的一种变异形式。语言学家在研究男女两性语言差异的同时，运用各种理论和方法对“性别语言”进行了深入细致的研究。该文就性别语言研究的理论发展、研究内容、现状和发展前景进行了探讨。     

英汉传统文化中的性别歧视现象

性别歧视是一种历史文化现象,它渗透在社会生活的各个方面。文章对英汉传统文化所反映出的性别歧视现象及其在称谓语、词汇和宗教信仰中的体现作了探讨和比较,阐明了社会角色中的男女在不同文化中的期望值。     

希特勒反对犹太人原因简析

希特勒反犹的原因十分复杂，就其思想根源而言，是其反动的种族优劣论，认为只有日耳曼人才是人类唯一优秀的民族，犹太人是糟粕，必须消灭。在政治上，希特勒反对民主自由、反对马克思主义、反对无产阶级革命，将马克思主义打上“犹太学说”标记，也是其反犹原因之一。犹太人在经济上会经商，不少人生活比较富裕，希特勒认为是犹太人剥削了德国人，实行“经济雅利安化”，也必须夺取犹太人财富。反对犹太人也是其向外发动战争建立“大德意志帝国”的需要。     

Roman Catholic Clergy who have sexually abused children: Their perceptions of their developmental experience

Objectives

There is a growing consensus in the research and theoretical literature that vulnerability to the perpetration of child sexual abuse appears to involve the offenders’ early developmental experience. This study explored the perceptions of nine clerical child sex offenders in relation to their developmental experience.

Methods

Nine participants were selected on the basis of being priests or brothers who had sexually abused children. Participants were identified from a larger group of clergy who were currently attending or had previously attended an institution that provides therapeutic intervention for sex offenders and aged between 38 and 75 years. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to identify common themes in the participants’ accounts.

Conclusions

Many of these themes are reflected in the existing literature but what appears to distinguish the participants in the present study is their experience of an ideology within clerical training that prevented remediation and compounded earlier psychosocial and psychosexual difficulties.