Development of the Test of Adolescent Sexual Knowledge Based on the National Sexuality Education Standards and Results of Pilot Testing

To describe development and pilot testing of the Test of Adolescent Sexual Knowledge (TASK) developed by the researcher using content recommendations of the National Sexuality Education Standards. TASK development was guided by a systematic process described by Kirby and Mathtec. Pilot testing involved the use of talk-aloud interviews with 10 youth. After revisions the TASK was converted to an electronic version and retested in 132 participants across the United States. Cognitive interview findings supported preliminary evidence of validity and guided reduction of items. Administration of the revised task to 132 youth ages 12–18 found that the standardized Cronbach’s was .93 for the entire test and took an average of 40?min to complete. Highest levels of knowledge were in the domains of Healthy Relationships and Personal Safety. Lowest levels of knowledge were found in the areas of Puberty and Adolescence and STIs and HIV. The TASK has been reduced to 69 total items. Future research will seek to psychometrically evaluate the reduced-item TASK in larger and diverse populations.     

对医学大学生开展《性医学》教学的重要意义探讨

《性医学》是医学教学中的一个全新领域,目前国内还没有统一规划的教材,但很多高校已经认识到了该课程的重要性,特别是医学院校,针对将来社会发展的需要和医疗临床的需求,在医学院校开设《性医学》课程显得尤为重要。文章初步探讨了大学生性教育的变迁和发展,以及开设《性医学》课程的重要意义。     

关于加强和改善高校女生性安全教育的思考

积极加强和改善当今高校女生性安全教育,能有效促进女生的健康成长和人格的培养.教育的内容要丰富,形式要多样化,教育过程中要遵循教育规律和把握具体的原则,应有重点、有计划、有目的地开展.     

合校与分校：美国中学女子教育的公平诉求

美国中学女子教育向来追求教育中的性别公平,女子教育的分校与合校之说自美国教育形成与发展的早期就存在论争,美国教育界对此也进行了广泛研究。本文探析了美国女子分校与合校教育的历史发展、社会背景以及其中的性别公平问题。     

关于妇女平等就业问题的研究述评

近年来,随着我国市场经济体制的逐渐建立和社会结构转型的全面展开,妇女就业问题已引起社会的极大关注,国内学者以其独特的学科视角对中国妇女在就业方面所面临的平等问题,进行了比较深入的研究。本文对我国妇女平等就业问题的研究进行了的梳理和介绍,并对研究状况作了简要评析,以期为该领域研究的加强、深化和拓展提供一些必要参考。     

整合生物医学信息,构建性病艾滋病综合信息网络数据库

作者拟利用互联网信息整合系统 ( Internet Information Integration System,3 I)从 Internet上遴选、下载、收集各种有价值的性病艾滋病信息 ,经过自动分类、过滤、排重和知识网络构建等智能化的处理整合后 ,建立性病艾滋病综合信息资源网络数据库并为用户提供检索服务 ,也可以个性化的形式提供给用户。     

排球强攻扣球的新特点

高度、远度、速度和全面多变是强攻扣球发展趋势中呈现出的新特点。根据运动生物力学和运动学等相关理论，结合国内外的一些新近研究成果，通过对比和综合分析，从新特点的４个方面入手对强攻扣球进行重新认识。     

Suffering in Silence: The Resilience of Pakistan’s Female Journalists to Combat Sexual Harassment,Threats and Discrimination

ABSTRACT

Pakistan’s journalists confront severe safety risks across the country and impunity to crimes against them allows the perpetrators to go unpunished. Now the country is recognized as one of the deadliest places for working journalists in the world. Given this situation, the Pakistani female journalists are more vulnerable because they are not only prone to safety risks and sexual harassment, but also they face gender discrimination when it comes to their recruitment and equal pay-scale. In the past decade, there has been an alarming increase in attacks on female journalists and incidents of their sexual harassment in Pakistan. Notwithstanding the growing plague of sexual harassment and gender discrimination in the country, the resilience of female journalists to work within a threatening and prejudiced environment has not yet fully explored and analysed. Therefore, drawing on the postcolonial feminist theory, this study aims to investigate the Pakistani female journalists’ lived experiences of sexual harassment, threats and discrimination. The study also analyses the impacts of sexual harassment, threats and gender discrimination on the country’s female journalists. To achieve the aforementioned aims, this study uses the qualitative methods of in-depth interviews and focus groups discussion, and offers a thematic analysis of qualitative data.     

Sexuality education including lesbian,gay, bisexual,and transgender (LGBT) issues in schools

Should children and adolescents be educated in school about gender diversity, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) issues? This is a question many governments and educational policymakers discuss in their process of reforming relationships and sex education. However, these reform plans face resistance from parents, religious groups, and political parties. Specifically, opponents argue that (a) children who learn about LGBT issues in school will engage in same-sex practices or even become homosexual, bisexual, or trans* themselves; (b) schools force a particular view on children that stands in contrast to the heteronormative, religious, and/or political views of parents; and (c) teachers act as role models and change the sexual orientation and gender identity of their students. This systematic literature review aims to offer evidenced-based answers to these arguments on the grounds of biological, sociological, psychological, and educational research. First, twin studies and genome scans in behavioral genetics research unveil strong biological roots of sexual orientation and identity that will not change through inclusive sexuality education. Second, psychological and sociological research signals that heteronormativity, homosexuality non-acceptance, and negative attitudes toward LGBT people in general are associated with lower levels of education and intelligence as well as higher levels of religious belief and political conservatism. For at-risk sexual minority students who show gender nonconforming and gender atypical behavior, schools can create a safe climate and protect adolescent health if they succeed in reducing homophobic and transphobic discrimination, bullying, peer victimization, and verbal, physical, and sexual abuse. Third, action research and ethnographic narratives in educational research tend to indicate that queer educators as role models in classrooms do not change the sexual orientation and gender identity of their pupils. In summary, based on this systematic review, governments and policy makers can expect that reforming the teaching of sex education to include LGBT issues in schools will have positive effects for heterosexual students and for students belonging to a sexual minority.     

Dilemmas for international mobilization around child abuse and neglect

The goal of this commentary is to articulate some issues and dilemmas raised by various efforts to mobilize international action around child abuse and neglect (CAN). We will start by proposing a typology of international mobilization strategies, noting that initiatives to promote CAN programming in new settings have tended to emphasize one of three vectors: governments, professionals, or international NGOs. There are pros and cons to each emphasis, which we discuss. We also review the debates around some of the following dilemmas: Should low-income countries be a top priority for CAN mobilization? Are there cultural and institutional capacities that need to be present in a country in order for CAN programs to work or be ethical? Are some CAN programs more likely to be internationally transferable than others and why so? Has the field adequately considered whether non-CAN programming (e.g., family planning) might actually be more effective at preventing maltreatment than CAN programming? Does the field give adequate acknowledgment that policies and practices emanating from high-resourced and Western countries may not always be the best to disseminate? Are we relying too much on a model of program transplantation over a model of local cultivation? Should we aim for modest rather than ambitious accomplishments in international mobilization? How much emphasis should be placed on the priority dissemination of evidence-based programming? We conclude with some suggestions in the service of clarifying these dilemmas and making some of these decisions more evidence based.