从《沙石集》的“裁判说话”看日本民间法律

《沙石集》是日本镰仓时代的佛教说话集,它以出色的语言表现、寓意性的手法,成功描绘出一幅日本中世庶民生活及其朴素信仰的图景,使佛教与文学达到最佳结合。其中的“裁判说话”讲述了地方官吏与庄园主之间的争端以及寻常百姓家继子与亲子的矛盾、遗产的继承、离婚的诉讼等,深刻反映了当时社会形态及法制状况。也正是这些“裁判说话”,为我们今天研究镰仓时代日本的民间法律带来了丰富的史料和考证依据。     

论绘画作品中的符号运用

符号的选择和确定是画家艺术风格成熟的标志,它赋予了作品的个性化语言,带有画者个人的生活印记。符号的选择可以来源于生活,也可以来自于传统,它是架构画面语言的主要内容。符号的表现语言是每个画家所追求的内容,由它转化成为画面中的造型、色彩、构图、线条等表现语言。总而言之,符号无处不在,在它的表现背后带有画者个人的想象,运用想象力对符号进行加工和重组,从而传达画者个人的观念、情感以及对造型意味的理解。     

山海经、生命智力学与藏羚羊四肢上的氧气囊

帝禹时代的国土资源考察白皮书《山海经.五藏山经》记述有一种尾部有窍口的类似麋鹿的奇异动物＂罴＂,它很可能就是藏羚羊。因为藏羚羊的四肢上部各有一个气囊,后肢气囊的窍口就在尾部。藏羚羊四肢气囊的功能是储存额外的氧气,以供藏羚羊在空气稀薄的青藏高原快速长距离奔跑时对氧气的需求。关于藏羚羊四肢氧气囊的形成原理,达尔文的＂随机微变＋自然选择＂无法解释,而生命智力学暨智因进化论却可以给予充分地解释。目前中国学术界、科学界存在着把批评达尔文、超越达尔文的科学研究视为禁区的潜规则。破除这种潜规则,为中国人的自主原始理论创新开绿灯,有助于中国国家软实力的提高。     

Longitudinal predictors of reading comprehension in French at first grade: Unpacking the oral comprehension component of the simple view

According to the simple view of reading (SVR), reading comprehension relies on “decoding” (pseudoword, word reading) and “oral comprehension” skills. Testing 556 French pupils, we aimed at unpacking these two components and tracking their longitudinal development in first grade. We have found that: (1) lower level language skills (vocabulary, syntax) and discourse skills (oral text comprehension) emerged as two dimensions of “oral comprehension”; (2) lower level language skills longitudinally predicted reading comprehension outcomes, above code-related skills; (3) decoding precursors (letter knowledge, naming speed and phonemic awareness) predicted reading comprehension directly, and indirectly, through decoding skills (pseudoword, word reading, text reading fluency); (4) Oral comprehension skills did not favour the development of decoding. Our results support the independency of the SVR components. However, we suggest that a more fine-grained conceptualisation of oral comprehension skills would help to better understand the individual and pedagogical factors influencing the early development of reading comprehension.     

Leveraging microgrants to support capacity-building workshops in low- and middle-income countries for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals

Twenty fifteen marked the year of assessment for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs that achieved the greatest success were those where evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions were implemented. The ability to practice evidence-based medicine is grounded in the creation of and access to medical literature that synthesizes research findings. The role that global health literature played in the success of the MDGs demonstrates that medical libraries and librarians have a role to play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Librarians can hold capacity-building workshops that provide instruction on how to access evidence-based literature and also train health professionals to conduct synthesis research. Research findings conducted by in-country health professionals are more likely to address issues being faced by local communities and will afford the possibility of obtaining the necessary evidence-based answers that can then be used to implement policies to resolve public health issues identified in the SDGs.This paper discusses how an international team of librarians leveraged funding from a Medical Library Association/Librarians without Borders/Elsevier Foundation/Research4Life grant to hold a capacity-building workshop in Zimbabwe and follow-up online trainings. The workshop focused on accessing evidence-based resources and conducting synthesis research. Outcomes included the creation and policy implementation of evidence-based knowledge products in alignment with local needs and galvanizing a multisectoral group of key individuals who have gone on to collaborate toward the vision of creating a Zimbabwe innovation hub. Looking ahead, such grants can be leveraged to conduct capacity-building to support knowledge translation and other local training needs.     

论大学生生命尊严意识的培育

在构建社会主义和谐社会的今天,作为未来建设者的大学生对生命的漠视让我们震惊.培养大学生的生命尊严意识具有重要性和紧迫性,当前大学生生命意义追寻空虚化,生命价值理想多元化,生命情感淡漠化,生命责任"实用"化.对此,我们要让他们明确人生目标,树立正确的价值理想,充实人生情感,积极承担人生责任.     

Web Service及其关键技术研究综述

在W3C组织的倡导及各大软件厂商积极响应下,Web Service技术在IT领域得到了广泛的发展,成为IT业近几年来探索的热点课题之一。首先介绍了Web Service的基本概念,然后分析了Web Service技术的架构、协议栈、工作流程;最后对实现Web Service的关键技术简单对象访问协议、Web服务描述语言进行了探讨。     

完善我国竞技体育保险制度的对策研究

体育保险作为朝阳产业越来越受到人们重视,因为竞技体育运动具有高风险性,如何正确合理规避风险是体育运动良性发展的有效保证,而体育保险则是除了规则、法律之外,有效分散风险,减少损失的重要途径。但现行中国体育保险存在产生晚、起步晚,法规制度尚不完善,险种过少,受保对象数量少、覆盖面小,体育保险意识淡薄,体育保险经营主体过少,从业人员数量少、专业素质低等问题,建议实行结合国情,加强体育保险立法力度,建立健全体育保险体系,加大体育保险宣传力度,提高体育保险意识,扩宽体育保险资金来源,提高体育保险从业人员专业数量和专业素质等对策。     

现代欧陆哲学的精神嬗变

西方理性主义哲学坚信理性给予人乃至于一切事物以最终的价值和意义。近代科学对知识运用所取得的成就难以容忍为理性设置的界限而要求理性知性化,最终导致柏拉图、康德意义上的理性失落。现代欧陆哲学家们对神的信仰、理性及其所支持的科学感到绝望,在从尼采到德里达的运思中,他们颠覆了古典哲学的绝对理性本体论,却使现代欧陆哲学从相对主义滑向后现代主义的虚无主义幽谷。     

基于企业生命周期理论的企业家素质SVM评价方法

基于企业生命周期理论,考察企业不同阶段对企业家素质的要求,构建企业家素质评价指标体系,并应用当今统计学习理论的新方法——支持向量机（SVM）对企业家素质进行综合评价,以克服现有企业家素质评价体系的不足,增强评价结果的有效性.