Learning from Friends and Terminating Friendships: Retrieving Friendship as a Moral Educational Concept

In contrast to ancient times, friendship is rarely discussed nowadays as a resource in moral education. Even within Aristotle-inspired character education, where it could naturally claim pride of place, its coverage is miniscule compared, say, to that of the emulation of moral exemplars. The aim of the present article is to retrieve friendship as a moral educational concept: to explain how moral educational goals define and sustain deep friendships, and how the thorny issue of when friendships should be terminated is best understood in terms of considerations as to whether they have exhausted their educational potential. By arguing that education is the raison d'être of deep friendship, Kristján Kristjánsson shows how friendship is developmentally constituted and, in its most complete form as “character friendship,” educationally executed. There is no such thing as friendship per se, but rather friendship at a certain developmental niveau (or level), with its specific developmental assets and liabilities: qualitatively differentiated according to its educational affordances. While operating within a broad Aristotelian framework, Kristjánsson devotes two sections to charting the moral educational liabilities that may dissipate even the most complete friendships, a topic mostly overlooked by Aristotle himself.     

程恩泽的交谊与《国策地名考》的撰著

程恩泽是清嘉、道时期的著名学者,当时的官员和文人同他交游很多,他亦因此成为道光时期的文坛领袖。《国策地名考》是他在幕友狄子奇的协助下完成,并依靠友人的帮助最终付梓。严谨完密的体例、丰富的内容、精详的考证以及狄氏笺证是《国策地名考》的价值所在。     

体育文学诚信友爱价值观在和谐社会建设中的作用及传播途径

本文分析了体育文学诚信友爱的价值取向在构建社会主义和谐社会的重要作用及传播途径.     

李之仪与秦观交游考

在苏门文人中,李之仪与秦观之间交游比较密切。二人经常有诗文赠答,从中可以勾勒出他们交往的整个过程。总体来看,二人交游以元祜元年为界分为两个时期。前期为二人相知、相识阶段;后期交游主要在京师,且表达出共同归隐的愿望,但是由于政治环境的变化,这个愿望最终没有实现。     

Loneliness,friendship quality and the social networks of adolescents with high‐functioning autism in an inclusive school setting

By definition, children with autism have poor peer relationships despite age and ability. When children enter adolescence, social problems typically worsen and feelings of loneliness and isolation may emerge. Thus, the overarching goal of the current study is to examine the social–emotional relationships of adolescents with autism and their typically developing (TD) classmates. Participants included 20 adolescents, 7 adolescents with autism and 13 TD classmates. All participants were enrolled in a drama class at a regular education high school in the Los Angeles area. Results indicate that adolescents with autism experienced significantly more loneliness than their TD classmates, had significantly poorer friendship quality in companionship and helpfulness, and had significantly lower social network status than their TD classmates. In addition, 92.4% of TD adolescents had secondary or nuclear social network centrality, which means that those adolescents were significantly connected and recognised in their classroom social structure although 71.4% of the adolescents with autism were either isolated or peripheral in their classroom. These findings imply that although inclusion in regular classrooms may allow adolescents with autism to be involved in the social structure of their classroom, they experienced more loneliness, poorer friendship quality and social network status as compared with their classmates. These results suggest that, perhaps, more intensive social skills' interventions that focus on friendship development are needed in adolescents with autism.     

‘Two's up and poncing fags’: young women's smoking practices,reciprocity and friendship

Over the past decade much has been written by journalists, policy makers, and academics, about young women's leisure time pursuits. A great deal of this interest has focused around a concern that teenage girls in the UK are taking up smoking in larger numbers than their male peers. This paper draws on findings from my small‐scale doctoral research into teenage girls' use of tobacco and alcohol in a town in southern England. I examine young women's use of cigarettes as an informal social currency, and as a way of thinking about such tobacco use beyond the deficit model of the young female smoker common to many drugs education interventions. In this paper I draw upon theoretical material from the social theories of exchange to explore how young women's reciprocal networks of cigarettes operate to underpin friendships and mobilise power within girls' social networks. I explore how smoking as a reciprocal gift‐giving practice supports and maintains friendship groups and particular gendered practices. My argument is that teen girls create and sustain bonds of friendship through their use and exchange of cigarettes. I want to suggest that within the girls' friendship groups, the flow of branded cigarettes as a resource highlights alliances, inter‐group rivalries, and provides space for the production and negotiation of teenage ‘cool’ femininities.     

青少年运动友谊质量研究

目的:探讨青少年运动友谊质量的结构并为之提供有效的评价工具。方法:根据心理测量的编制原则,在调查研究的基础上,结合国外现有的有关量表编制了青少年运动友谊质量量表。结果:通过项目分析和因素分析,确定了20个条目(因子负荷>0.4)作为正式量表的题目,以特征值大于1为标准,抽取了5个因子,通过验证性因素分析(AMOS4.0),得出量表的Cronbachα在0.71-0.53之间,累积解释变异量为56.41%,5个分量表代表5个不同的潜在变量,模型的拟合度良好,显示了量表具有良好的信度和效度。结论:该量表比较符合设计构想,可以用来对青少年运动友谊质量进行客观评价。     

Investigating Critical Friendship: Peeling Back the Layers

ABSTRACT

This self-study documents two teacher educators’ professional inquiry into the notions of critical friendship. Specifically, we asked: How does our interactive inquiry on the topic of critical friendship lead us to new understandings of critical friends? Three theoretical perspectives framed this study – More Knowledgeable Others, Thought Collective, and reflection. Data sources included (a) artifacts from the self-study scholarship/literature, (b) written and real-time (audio recorded) dialogue, and (c) critical friend response memos. We systematically analyzed our data, linking the initial themes to our theoretical frame. These themes led to three findings about critical friendship: flexible definitions, complex characteristics, and multiple learning phases. Based on these findings, we created two research tools useful for researchers enacting critical friendship – the Critical Friend Definition Continuum and the Critical Friend Guide for Quality Assurance. Ultimately, we assert that we, along with our colleagues, must be responsible brokers of critical friendship by explicitly explaining our purposes, definitions and uses of critical friendship within our work as self-study researchers.     

一部美国十九世纪的悲剧史诗--评梅尔维尔的《白鲸》

《白鲸》展示给我们的是船长亚哈为追杀白鲸带领佩阔德号及其般员为复仇而走向毁灭的过程。书中以象征主义及寓言体的写作方式向我们展示了一部十九世纪美国的真实画面。从人与自然的抗争中亚哈的悲剧，人与人的关系中所体现的悲剧两个角度可以揭示《白鲸》所表现的时代特征及所蕴涵的悲剧实质。     

中日关系中四个政治文件的特色及其意义

中日邦交正常化以来的四个政治文件各具特色,在中日关系发展的不同历史时期起到了举足轻重的作用。《中日联合声明》翻开了中日关系新的一页;《中日和平友好条约》奠定了中日关系的法律基础;《中日联合宣言》指明了新时期中日关系的发展方向;新《联合声明》对中日关系作了新的定位。今年恰逢中日两国实现邦交正常化40周年,40年来的历史证明,中日双方只有共同遵守四个政治文件的各项原则,中日关系才能健康发展。