机械生长因子(MGF)与运动

机械生长因子MGF（Mechano Growth Factor）起源于胰岛素生长因子1（IGF-1），是IGF-1基因经过不同剪切而衍生的。MGF的表达主要受机械刺激和组织损伤的影响，且比肝型IGF-1具有潜在的增加肌肉质量的能力。为更好认识MGF在肌肉生长中的作用，对MGF的生物学作用，以及运动、激素对MGF的影响进行综述。     

浅谈运动过程中人体骨骼肌脂肪氧化的调节

人体内脂肪酸(FFA)与糖相比具有贮量大、单位质量贮能高等特点，是长时间运动的理想能源。研究认为有氧训练可以提高骨骼肌对脂肪的氧化能力，但有关脂肪的研究远没有对糖的研究那样深入与广泛。结合近来的有关脂肪代谢的研究成果从脂肪组织的脂解和FFA的运输、FFA跨肌肉细胞膜的运转、FFA跨线粒体膜的运转、肌肉中甘油三酯(IMTG)的动用4个方面作几点探讨，旨在对运动与脂肪代谢的研究做一点贡献。     

负重训练和补充大豆多肽干预大鼠骨骼肌衰老过程的实验研究

目的:探讨负重训练和补充大豆多肽干预大鼠骨骼肌衰老过程的作用效果.方法:56只雄性SD大鼠随机分为7组:成年组,模型组,D-半乳糖小负重组,D-半乳糖大负重组,D-半乳糖补肽组,D-半乳糖补肽小负重组,D-半乳糖补肽大负重组.6周后处死大鼠,制作冰冻切片,测试血清以及骨骼肌各项指标.结果:与成年组相比,模型组大鼠体重和每日摄食量分别呈现升高和下降的趋势,负重和补肽可以在一定程度上缓解两种趋势,但都无统计学意义;模型组大鼠骨骼肌细胞出现萎缩和退行性改变等衰老的迹象,负重和补肽可以在一定程度上减轻这种现象;模型组大鼠血清SOD、SOD/MDA比值和骨骼肌总蛋白含量显著低于成年组,血清MDA显著高于成年组,运动和营养干预各组显著逆转这种趋势,并有明显的交互作用;与成年组相比,模型组大鼠骨骼肌脂褐素含量显著升高,负重或补肽可以一定程度上缓解或逆转这种趋势,两种具有明显的交互作用.结论:负重训练或补充大豆多肽均可以有效的预防大鼠骨骼肌衰老过早的出现,两种方式联合运用效果更为明显.     

大强度间歇运动骨骼肌分子适应机制

大强度间歇运动可能代表一个独特的运动方式,充分认识大强度间歇运动诱导骨骼肌分子适应机制非常助于制定相关的训练方法。大强度间歇运动特征为短暂的间歇性肌肉收缩。当前研究表明大强度间歇运动诱导骨骼肌的表型变化可能和传统耐力训练一致。但不同运动方式激活信号途径可能存在信号间交互方式、前反馈和后反馈调节等。因此,尚需大量的研究证实。     

腰部竖脊肌疲劳运动过程中表面肌电信号线性和非线性指标的变化

通过等长背伸运动负荷诱发腰部竖脊肌疲劳并记录全程表面肌电（sEMG）信号,分别以快速傅立叶变换（FFT）计算平均功率频率MPF和非线性RQA方法计算确定性线段百分数（?T）。结果显示,MPF随着肌肉疲劳的发展而逐渐下降,而?T呈现反向变化趋势,提示肌肉疲劳时的sEMG信号规律性在增强。?T的变异系数CV比MPF的小,说明?T作为腰部肌肉功能状态的评价指标具有独特的优势。     

不同形式肌肉收缩时肌电参数变化特征及机制

研究目的：探讨动力性与静力性肌肉收缩时EMG各参数的变化特征及疲劳时各指标的差异,比较不同项目运动员肌肉收缩特征对EMG参数的影响及与该项目的关系。研究方法：27名受试者分为两组,第一组为赛艇运动员（组一）,第二组为田径爆发性力量项目（跳跃、短跑）专选运动员（组二）。受试者以2／3Mvc做静力性持续等长收缩,动力性持续肌肉收缩则采用本人的MVC,同时记录EMG信号,分析IEMG、E／T值和MF。研究结果：持续静力性肌肉收缩时,随疲劳的发展赛艇运动员与田径运动员IEMG、E／T值均显著升高。但赛艇运动员从运动开始至80％时段一直保持平稳,此后迅速上升。静力性收缩时两组运动员随疲劳发展MF从高频向低频转移,但田径运动员频率下降速率要快于赛艇运动员。结论：赛艇运动训练促使大脑皮层动员运动单位工作更具有时间耐久性。快速、爆发式运动使疲劳时大脑皮层兴奋性下降更快,肌肉更易于疲劳。     

电刺激方法对肌肉力量与柔韧性的影响

电刺激训练已成为现代运动训练的重要手段之一。众多资料表明 ,电刺激可有效的发展肌肉力量。本研究旨在发展肌肉力量的同时 ,观察其柔韧性的变化。结果表明 ,电刺激训练可显著地提高原动肌肌群和对抗肌肌群肌肉的力量 ,亦可有效的提高肌肉的柔韧性 ,保证肌肉力量与柔韧性同步协调平衡发展     

表面肌电信号分析评价肌肉疲劳的有效性和敏感性

目的:测定和分析应用表面肌电信号分析指标评价肌肉疲劳的有效性和敏感性,方法:选取健康无专业运动男、女大学生各10名,进行3个膝关节角度(90°、60°和30°)×3个运动负荷(40％MVC、60％MVC和80％ MVC)共9次静力性等长疲劳实验,同步记录sEMG信号并进行线性和非线性信号处理.结果:sEMG信号分析指标表现出单调性变化,且采样序列线性拟合具有显著性.膝关节角度、运动负荷和性别对各指标的变化率有显著影响.结论:应用非线性分析指标评价肌肉疲劳具有很好的敏感性.     

Tensiomyography parameters and jumping and sprinting performance in Brazilian elite soccer players

Tensiomyography has been suggested as an indirect marker of muscle stiffness, which is associated with strength/power performance. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that tensiomyography parameters could be associated with power-related motor tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between tensiomyography parameters (from rectus and biceps femoris) and jumping and sprinting abilities in elite soccer players. In addition, we used tensiomyography parameters to compare the lateral symmetry between dominant and non-dominant legs. Twenty elite soccer players (age: 23.3 ± 4.8 years; height: 183.5 ± 6.6 cm; weight: 77.8 ± 7.5 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Significant moderate negative correlations between biceps femoris displacement and contact time (r = –0.5, p = 0.03), rectus femoris displacement and contact time (r = –0.51, p = 0.02), and a significant moderate correlation between biceps femoris displacement and reactive strength index (r = 0.5, p = 0.03) were found. There were no correlations between tensiomyography parameters and power-related motor tasks. In addition, no differences in tensiomyography parameters between dominant and non-dominant legs were found. Our data suggest that tensiomyography parameters are not associated with power-related motor tasks performance in elite soccer players.     

Energy turnover during 24 hours and 6 days of adventure racing

Abstract

Energy turnover was assessed in two conditions of mixed ultra-endurance exercise. In Study 1, energy expenditure and intake were measured in nine males in a laboratory over 24 h. In Study 2, energy expenditure was assessed in six males during an 800-km Adventure race (mean race time 152.5 h). Individual correlations between heart rate and oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂) were established during pre-tests when kayaking, cycling, and running. During exercise, energy expenditure was estimated from continuous heart rate recordings. Heart rate and [Vdot]O₂ were measured regularly during fixed cycling work rates to correct energy expenditure for drift in oxygen pulse. Mean energy expenditure was 18,050 ± 2,390 kcal (750 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) and 80,000 ± 18,000 kcal (500 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively, which is higher than previously reported. Energy intake in Study 1 was 8,450 ± 1,160 kcal, resulting in an energy deficit of 9,590 ± 770 kcal. Body mass decreased in Study 1 (?2.3 ± 0.8 kg) but was unchanged in Study 2. Fat mass decreased in Study 2 (?2.3 ± 1.5 kg). In Study 1, muscle glycogen content decreased by only 60%. Adventure racing requires a high energy expenditure, with large inter-individual variation. A large energy deficit is caused by inadequate energy intake, possibly due to suppressed appetite and gastrointestinal problems. The oxygen pulse, comparing start to 12 h of exercise and beyond, increased by 10% and 5% in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. Hence, estimations of energy expenditure from heart rate recordings should be corrected according to this drift.