Fair student assessment: A phenomenographic study on teachers’ conceptions

This research focuses on understanding teachers’ conceptions of what constitutes a fair assessment. In recent decades the number of studies seeking to learn about teachers’ conceptions on assessment has multiplied. The idea is simple, and involves the extent to which conceptions have an effect on what happens in practice. With this aim, a phenomenographic study was carried out to understand what is a fair assessment from teachers’ perspectives. Despite the importance of conducting phenomenographic studies in education, in Spain hardly any studies have used this methodology. Participants were 30 teachers at primary/secondary schools in Spain. The results show that teachers' conceptions of fair assessment were divided, some being more closely related to the principle of equality and others to equity. The conclusion of this study highlights the influence of the school context on teachers’ conceptions of what constitutes fair assessment (in the research, there were 15 teachers who worked in schools located in low socioeconomic status contexts and 15 who were in high socioeconomic status environments).     

Social equity and equity in higher education: A comparison of the liberal Anglo-American and Chinese political cultures

This study compares the ideas of social equity in the liberal Anglo-American and Chinese political cultures and seeks potential hybridisations. Through a conceptual examination of scholarly works, this study identifies differences and similarities of social equity between the two political cultures. A common conceptual bridge, deriving from the comparison and hybridisation, is further developed for the discussion of social equity and equity in higher education across the two cultures. The common bridge consists of four constitutes of social equity: political and civil equality, social and economic equality, equality of opportunity and equality of potential and freedom to achieve, the last of which is new hybridity of the two political cultures. This study argues that the hybridity – equality of potential and freedom to achieve – is enlightening to the discussion of equity in higher education as well as social equity across contexts.     

Letters to the editor

This study examines editorial photography in nine major erotica magazines to determine how pictures vary as a function of the social class, gender and sexual preference of the intended readership. The analysis reveals that upwardly‐mobile, heterosexual men are treated to idealized images, whereas working‐class, heterosexual men are presented with more mundane yet highly‐sexualized images. Heterosexual women are provided with photographs of nude males in a low‐sexual context. Magazines for homosexual men present images, except for gender, very similar to those created for upwardly‐mobile, heterosexual men. These patterns are discussed from a functionalist perspective to show how erotica magazines contribute to social‐order maintenance.     

发展我国体育市场的经济背景和社会背景之分析

本文对我国体育市场目前所处的经济背景和社会背景进行了分析。作者认为：尽管我国目前要繁荣体育市场在经济条件和社会条件上尚有诸多欠缺，但是其发展前景是非常美好的。随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，以及体育市场法制的健全和我国各项运动水平的提高，体育市场在我国必然会越来越兴旺的．     

Educational effects of the Tools of the Mind curriculum: A randomized trial

The effectiveness of the Tools of the Mind (Tools) curriculum in improving the education of 3- and 4-year-old children was evaluated by means of a randomized trial. The Tools curriculum, based on the work of Vygotsky, focuses on the development of self-regulation at the same time as teaching literacy and mathematics skills in a way that is socially mediated by peers and teachers and with a focus on play. The control group experienced an established district-created model described as a “balanced literacy curriculum with themes.” Teachers and students were randomly assigned to either treatment or control classrooms. Children (88 Tools and 122 control) were compared on social behavior, language, and literacy growth. The Tools curriculum was found to improve classroom quality and children's executive function as indicated by lower scores on a problem behavior scale. There were indications that Tools also improved children's language development, but these effects were smaller and did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance in multi-level models or after adjustments for multiple comparisons. Our findings indicate that a developmentally appropriate curriculum with a strong emphasis on play can enhance learning and development so as to improve both the social and academic success of young children. Moreover, it is suggested that to the extent child care commonly increases behavior problems this outcome may be reversed through the use of more appropriate curricula that actually enhance self-regulation.     

协同创新视角下高职院校图书馆构建社会化信息服务平台的探索与研究

协同创新是高职院校图书馆开展社会化服务的新动力.高职院校图书馆的社会化服务对象主要面向行业产业和地方区域,具有自己独特的优势和特色.高职院校图书馆构建基于协同创新的社会化信息服务平台要实现可持续发展,需要相应的保障机制.     

民国时期南京国民政府推行武术教育工作机制及启示

教育是国家高质量发展的基石,国家是教育事业的推行者。国家对武术教育发展具有最宏观、 最基本的调控,社会力量群策群力的柔性参与,能与之达到刚柔相济、琴瑟共鸣之效果。民国时期南京国民政府在推行武术教育工作中,契合了当时的政治、教育、文化等因素,同时也获得了政治、教育、文化的时代动因。在特定的时代、文化、权力、环境中,南京国民政府、社会精英、社会组织三者相辅相成形成联动机制,在推行武术教育中发挥着协同作用。给予新时代推行武术教育的启示：推行武术教育应契合政治、教育、文化等时代动因;强化学校武术与民间武术的联动;构建政府主导、社会力量参与的新局面。 以期形成全社会共同参与的武术教育治理新格局。     

Children's school readiness in the ECLS-K: Predictions to academic, health, and social outcomes in first grade

Two studies examine patterns of school readiness in children at school entry and how these patterns predict first-grade outcomes in a nationally representative sample of first-time kindergartners from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (N = 17,219). In Study 1, cluster analyses revealed four profiles at kindergarten entry: comprehensive positive development (30%), social/emotional and health strengths (34%), social/emotional risk (13%), and health risk (22.5% of the sample). Study 2 results suggested that children with one of the two “risk” profiles were more likely to be from families with multiple socioeconomic disadvantages. In addition, all four profiles differentially predicted academic and social adjustment in early elementary school. Children with a risk profile performed the worst on all outcomes; children with a comprehensive positive development profile performed the best. The authors discuss the need for early identification of children who may be at risk for entering school with few school readiness strengths.     

高等教育治理的社会参与

随着高等教育在经济社会发展中地位的提升,社会参与高等教育治理的广度和深度也随之发生着正向变化,呈现出规律性的特征.扩大高等教育治理的社会参与,对于经济社会发展和国际竞争力提升具有重要基础性作用,对于国家行政管理体制改革和扩大基层民主具有重要基础性作用.促进高等教育治理的社会参与程度,实现高等教育良治,需要政府、社会和高等教育机构共同做出努力.     

国外公共图书馆弱势群体服务研究述评

与社会、经济和政治环境变化相适应,图书馆弱势群体服务的研究经历了数次话语体系更迭:19 世纪末20世纪前期公共图书馆为劳工阶级服务阶段,20世纪60至80年代以弱势群体服务为核心的社区图书馆运动和图书馆社会责任大讨论阶段,20世纪90年代信息贫穷或数字鸿沟与管理主义话语体系下的图书馆服务阶段,20世纪90年代末至今反社会排斥和社会包容话语体系下图书馆弱势群体服务阶段.研究话语体系的变化反映了图书馆实践领域关注焦点的变更,但话语体系的更迭并没有改变其反映问题的本质.倡导和实践图书馆服务的平等获取和包容性,争取为社会底层人群或弱势群体提供服务,在欧美公共图书馆发展的各个时期是一以贯之的.