Young children's ideas about the nature, causes, justification, and alleviation of poverty

Sixty-four 8-year-old boys and girls from urban and rural settings and representing different races and socioeconomic status backgrounds responded to questions about the nature, causes, justification, and alleviation of poverty. Much of what the children said indicated that they had not yet internalized prevailing adult norms and values about the poor in our society. A substantial proportion spoke in ways suggesting forces apart from the individual as causing poverty. Nearly all believed that poverty was not fair. Justifications offered by the children included disavowing economic inequality, or speaking in terms of basic needs or what should or ought to be. A majority mentioned philanthropy or societal change as a way to end poverty. Findings also lend support to the claim of social representations theory that concepts vary as a function of social factors. Future research should employ a design that acknowledges interacting variables to investigate systems of meaning in children's understandings about poverty.     

加强高校社会工作人才培养的对策浅析

通过对珠江三角洲社会工作机构的调查,发现广东高校社会工作专业毕业生在技术教育、价值教育、个人素养等方面存在一些问题;为了更好地回应社会需求,推动整个广东社会工作教育,作为高校应该以技术教育为本位,加强实践教学;以价值教育为核心,彰显专业特色;以课程改革为突破口,增强师资力量。     

Examining the participation patterns of an ageing population with disabilities in Australia

Social policies facilitate equity of access for participation in physical activity by all groups of people in society. While the sport participation of able-bodied people has been widely examined, much less attention has been given to the participation of people with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the patterns of participation in physical activity of people with disabilities. Based on the leisure constraint theory, a theoretical framework is developed that describes participation as a function of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints. The framework is tested using a comprehensive sample of people in Australia from 2009 and 2010. From the dataset a sub-sample of people with disabilities was identified (n = 4342). As 78.1% of participants were aged 45 years and older, the sample represents an ageing population and a selected segment of the population of people with disabilities. Therefore, generalisations to disability sport need to be made with caution. The results show that 57% of the respondents participate in physical activity for an average of 4 h per week. The regression results indicate that the type of disability, the extent to which the person is restricted by the disability, age, gender, and education have a significant effect on participation. People with high workloads who are in a relationship participate less frequently. The cluster analysis resulted in two non-participant clusters and three participant clusters. The results inform policy makers and sport managers on ways to better support the participation of people with disabilities and specifically target their needs.     

Audience management,online turbulence and lurking in social networking services: A transactional process of stress perspective

In social networking services (SNSs), users’ unclear understanding of the large and invisible audience increases the chances of online turbulence, which is a key source of SNS-induced stress. This growing phenomenon has gained increasing attention in academia and industry due to the undesirable consequences for users and SNS platforms. In this study, we draw from the transactional model of stress to examine how audience management strategies impact online turbulence and lead to neglected unintended audience concern and lurking. We also investigate the role of self-monitoring as a stress inhibitor. We test our model with data collected from 301 SNS users. The results show that the four types of audience management strategies have different effects on online turbulence, which significantly impacts neglected unintended audience concern especially when users have high self-monitoring skills. We believe that this work contributes, both from scientific and practical standpoints, to the understanding of the interventions and stressful responses of online turbulence in SNSs.     

新兴“X活族”词语及其语用修辞价值

“X活族”新词是指“快活族”、“慢活族”、“乐活族”这样新出现的带“活族”的词语。“X活族”新词的句法和语义构成比较复杂;语用上具有继承性与创新性、二次创新和非常规性、音译兼意译,洋为中用的特点;修辞上巧用对比、转喻和概念整合手段,具有形象创新、词约义丰、直指本质以及陌生化的功能。“X活族”新词的涌现,是语言和社会共同作用的结果。     

If Multicultural Science Education Standards’ Existed, What Would They Look Like?

The intersection between science teacher education and multiculturalism has produced a considerable amount of research in the science education community. This paper suggests, according to current science teacher preparation literature, an initial set of multicultural science education standards for science methods course instructors of preservice teachers: dialogic conversation, authentic activities, reflexivity, ability, committed practice, and knowing. Included in the discussion of each standard is an activity or lesson that a science methods course instructor can implement.     

社会学视角下高尔夫运动的价值分析

本文以我国高尔夫运动的发展趋势作为切入点,结合社会学和体育社会学的相关理论,归纳总结了高尔夫运动对促进人的全面发展、拉动经济增长,规范社会行为等方面的社会功能,并且解析了高尔夫作为一种文化形态传播的运动所具有的社会学价值。希望使更多人了解高尔夫文化、接触高尔夫运动、推进高尔夫事业的发展。     

International student migration and social stratification in China

During the late 1990s China moved from a period of “wealth creation” that benefited the majority of the population to a period of “wealth concentration” that benefited a minority. This essay focuses on the role of international student migration from China to other countries in this process. In particular the authors delineate how different types of capital – the human, social, political and cultural (specifically foreign degrees) – transform into each other. In the process the analysis considers how the conversions among these different types of capital have intensified and have become concentrated in the top stratum of society. The essay links the international education to general patterns of social transformation currently occurring in China. Specifically the discussion brings in a transnational dimension to the examination of social stratification in contemporary China.     

新温州人的生存状态调查与分析——以温州市双屿镇农民工为例

“新温州人”是对在温州务工的农民工的特殊称谓,受到社会各界的关注和认同。通过调查分析温州市城郊结合部双屿镇农民工的生存状况,发现他们在就业、收入支出、住房、社会保障、医疗卫生、文化教育、思想情感和归属感等方面的状况并不如意。因此,需要政府、乡镇、社区、民间组织协同配合,不断提高新温州人的素质和适应能力,促使新温州人融入温州,为促进温州社会的和谐发展和经济发展作贡献。     

试论“低碳旅游”模式的构建——气候变化条件下旅游业的应对

本文阐述了“低碳旅游”的概念,低碳旅游与绿色旅游、生态旅游的联系与区别,提出“低碳旅游”模式构建的路径与方法,即由旅游者、旅游目的地、旅游企业、旅游管理部门共同参与,形成合力,建立“低碳旅游”的四轮驱动模型。