能源安全战略的实施顺序

能源是现代社会必不可少的投入,就如人体的血液一样,保障能源安全能够促进经济社会的发展.但能源安全战略实施需要投入的资金巨大,在我国现有的经济、财政条件下,不可能也没有必要同时实施所有战略,因此,必须按照一定的顺序,主次分明地对战略进行有序地实施.本文通过分析能源安全的经济作用,并运用社会福利准则分析能源安全的社会作用,说明能源安全对经济、社会等的作用是有限度的,相对于能源不安全对社会和国家造成危害的无法估量性,决定了国家的能源安全战略实施顺序的选择,不应该以传统的效益可得性为依据,而应该在充分考虑全球能源状况和国家经济及能源供需等具体条件下,按照能源的危机程度及先短期后长期等原则排列.最后,依据中国的具体情况,提出了中国能源安全战略的实施顺序.     

高校贫困生的社会支持网络：现状与对策

在解决高校贫困生问题的过程中，党和政府、学校、社会、贫困生的家庭等已经作出诸多努力，初步形成了高校贫困生的社会支持网络。社会支持网络在解决贫困生的经济和情感问题方面发挥着重要的作用，但还存在支持力度不足、忽视负功能、网络之间缺乏联系等问题。为了科学有效地解决贫困生的问题，充分发挥社会网络的支持作用。必须构建新的主体多元化、内容系统化、机构专门化、方法专业化的高校贫困的社会支持网络，在构建新网络的过程中，要坚持继承和发展的态度，采取维持、强化、放弃、改革、创新等科学的方法和手段。     

山西柳林盘子会——独具黄河黄土高原风情的东方狂欢节

传统文化是民族文化的根脉,古老的柳林盘子会在传统文化备受冲击的今天展现出来的蓬勃生命力,为我们展示了一幅推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的美好图景。     

Kinship,Camaraderie and Contestation: Fāṭimid Relations with the Ashrāf in the Fourth/Tenth Century.

The founding of the Fā?imid caliphate across the southern Mediterranean, and then in Egypt, Syria and the ?ijāz at the turn of the fourth/tenth century, necessitated its negotiation with the ashrāf, those who claimed lineal descent from the Prophet Mu?ammad, and who by this time had gained significant influence as a social class based on their charismatic descent. While other dynastic powers fostered relationships with various members of the ashrāf, the Fā?imid–ashrāf dynamics were distinctive in that the Fā?imids legitimised their rule as Ismā?īlī Shī?ī imām-caliphs, based on their claim of descent from the Prophet Mu?ammad, and as the sole successors to his authority and leadership over the Islamic world. Consequently, Fā?imid–ashrāf relations were permeated by fraternal camaraderie as well as by competing contestations based on their shared claim to Prophetic lineage.     

Help that hurts? Perceptions of intergroup assistance

The current research, guided theoretically by the Intergroup Helping as Status Relations Model, explored how high and low status groups (Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs) perceive offers of help from the high to the low status group. Ninety-three Arab and Jewish participants were asked to imagine and evaluate offers of help from Jews to Arabs in Israel. Consistent with the hypothesis that members of high and low status groups would have different perspectives and goals in their relations, Israeli Arabs viewed help by Israeli Jews more as a way to reinforce existing hierarchy and as a way of asserting the higher groups’ domination. Recognizing the different orientations of members of high and low status groups to potentially conciliatory actions, such as helping behavior, can enhance understanding of the dynamics of intergroup relations and conflict and reveal factors that might fuel intergroup misunderstandings and tensions, which can represent a critical step to improving intergroup relations.     

现阶段社会体育发展的几点思考

通过文献资料研究及实地访谈,分析了社会体育发展的现状,并对所存在的问题进行讨论后提出相应的对策,以期为社会体育发展做出建设性的指导。     

The Eton Montem custom c. 1750–1844: privilege,pageantry and sanctioned misrule

Montem, a triennial customary march by Eton scholars, consolidated into a public expression of patrician social identity under the patronage of the monarchy in the late eighteenth century. This analysis of Montem’s history traces its development from a boy-led pageant of misrule to a public performance of elite patriotism. The custom, which attracted national attention, sheds new light on boy governance and self-fashioning in the period’s elite schools. This article argues that a study of Montem disrupts the standard historiographical narrative of anarchy and violence in the great schools and suggests that boy culture was more complex than previously acknowledged.     

Threat and Prejudice against Syrian Refugees in Canada: Assessing the Moderating Effects of Multiculturalism,Interculturalism, and Assimilation

A survey experiment (N = 529) was used to test the moderating effects of intergroup ideologies (assimilation, multiculturalism, and interculturalism) on the relationship between social dominance orientation (SDO) and expressions of prejudice under conditions of intergroup threat. Moderated multiple regression analyses suggest a multicultural integration frame moderates the relationship between SDO and feelings toward Syrian refugees in Canada when the target outgroup is portrayed as a source of intergroup threat. This moderating effect was unique to the relationship between SDO and feelings toward Syrians and did not extend to other correlates of prejudice including beliefs in zero-sum group competition or a multicultural ideology, nor did it extend to more general measures of prejudice (i.e., attitudes toward immigrants or evaluations of intercultural contact). Findings suggest the prejudice-reducing effects of a multicultural integration narrative affect group evaluations and functions by targeting beliefs in social dominance, rather than zero-sum group competition or ideological support for cultural diversity. The results offer insights into the prejudice-reducing potential for two alternative integration narratives that are institutionalized in Canada.     

Health,functioning and social engagement among the UK Chinese

The present study examines factors associated with health, functioning and social engagement among Chinese in the UK. A total of 211 Chinese men and women aged between 15 and 79 years were recruited through a selection of Chinese social organisations across the UK. Data was collected using a self-completion questionnaire, which included domains examining health and functioning and social functioning; among others. Poor health and functioning was associated with levels of social support. Social engagement was associated with high levels of social support, network size, and contribution to others, emphasising the importance of meaningful social engagement. Those individuals with good cognitive and physical functioning felt more of a sense of social cohesion and inclusion and respect from others than individuals with poorer functioning. Findings emphasise the UK Chinese community's reliance on informal support networks rather than the utilisation of formal networks, which may go some way to explain the reported underutilisation of formal health and social support services among this community.     

Ideal selves as identity management strategies

This research addresses the relationship between ideal selves and social context from a social identity perspective. Based on Social Identity Theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1979, Tajfel and Turner, 1986) and related research, it is argued that ideal selves stand in a functional relationship with identity management strategies and that, consequently, shared beliefs about relevant intergroup relations influence the preferences for ideal selves. Three studies conducted with black and white adolescent and adult South Africans tested the assumption. The overall results of the studies confirmed that whether ideal selves corresponding to social change, social mobility or social creativity were preferred depended on whether the intergroup relations between black and white South Africans were perceived as secure or insecure.