社会性别视角下的布劳—邓肯地位获得模型及后续研究

作为社会分层和社会流动研究中的经典模型,布劳—邓肯地位获得模型为之后的地位获得研究奠定了基础,并提供了不断修正和完善的空间与可能。从社会性别视角出发,本文梳理了布劳—邓肯地位获得模型及后续研究的成果,并提出运用社会性别视角研究地位获得的必要性。同时,就本土语境下的社会性别及相关问题对地位获得的影响进行讨论。     

社会分层对高等教育入学机会的影响

社会分层对教育机会均等问题的影响一直是教育社会学研究的主要问题。我国的十大社会阶层在接受不同层次的高等教育时存在着很大的差异,而产生这种差异的原因也是多方面的,既有经济因素,也有文化因素和社会其他因素等。     

Does cram schooling matter? Who goes to cram schools? Evidence from Taiwan

Attendance at cram schools is an experience that the majority of Taiwanese have while growing up. However, the incidence and impact of cram schooling are still understudied and have yet received much attention. In this paper, I first illustrate the development of cram schools in Taiwan, and demonstrate the important changes on institutional factors and legitimacy of cram schools. Then I use data collected by Taiwan Education Panel Survey to investigate the net effect of cram schooling on students’ academic performance, and to test whether the opportunity of cram school participation reflects specific patterns of stratification.Empirical results indicate that cram schooling does matter: attending cram schools has a significantly positive effect on a student's analytical ability and mathematical performance. However, cram school participation does not reflect specific patterns of social stratification: the opportunity of going to a cram school for a male student is not significantly different from that of a female; the effects of family background on students’ cram school participation are not as critical as they were in the past.     

The quadratic relationship between socioeconomic status and learning performance in China by multilevel analysis: Implications for policies to foster education equity

The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship between family socioeconomic status and mathematics performance on the base of a multi-level analysis involving a large sample of Chinese primary school students. A weak relationship is found between socioeconomic status and performance in the Chinese context. The relationship does not follow a linear, but a quadratic curve, implying that students from a disadvantaged family and higher socioeconomic background have a higher probability to attain higher mathematics scores. This can be explained on the basis of Chinese cultural beliefs about education, exams and social class mobility. Moreover, the aggregated socioeconomic status at the school level seems to moderate in the relation between individual SES and academic performance. This suggests that individuals from a disadvantaged family will achieve higher in the school with a higher family socioeconomic status than students who are enrolled in schools with a lower and average family socioeconomic status.     

基于分层的高职高专英语差异教学刍议——一种教育过程公平的研究视角

高职高专英语科生源个体差异严重。基于分层的差异教学尊重个体差异,充分发掘个体潜能,从教学对象分层、目标分层、教学过程分层及评价分层等诸多方面保证每一个学生都能在原有水平上得到应有的提高,将有力地促进教育过程公平的实现。     

不同处理对三花冬青种子出苗的影响

采用双因素完全随机设计,进行层积和GA3溶液浸种处理的三花冬青种子田间出苗试验。结果表明：三花冬青种子具休眠特性,但不存在隔年萌发现象。层积处理可有效打破三花冬青种子的休眠,提高出苗率,其中以自然层积处理的效果最好。GA3溶液浸种处理对打破三花冬青种子的休眠也有显著的促进作用。GA3溶液浸种处理与层积方式的交互作用对三花冬青种子出苗率无显著影响。     

On Rewarding and its Educational Significance

Propensity score matching (PSM) has become a popular approach for research studies when randomization is infeasible. However, there are significant differences in the effectiveness of selection bias reduction among the existing PSM methods and, therefore, it is challenging for researchers to select an appropriate matching method. This current study compares four commonly used PSM methods for reducing selection bias on observational data from which the treatment effects are intended to be assessed. The selection bias, standardized bias and percent bias reduction are evaluated for each of the PSM methods using empirical data drawn from the national Education Longitudinal Study of 2002. The results of the current study provide empirical evidence and helpful information for researchers to select effective PSM methods for their research studies.     

Sex,urban/rural and minority differences in educational attainment in Soviet and post-Soviet Tajikistan

This paper analyses the educational attainment of Tajikistani adults born between 1947 and 1989. Adults in the oldest cohorts completed school during the educational expansion of the Soviet period and the youngest cohorts completed their education in the post-Soviet period, which was marked by educational contraction. To date, there is not a clear picture of attainment trends during the Soviet period that provide a perspective for judging educational attainment in the post-Soviet period. Using household survey data collected in 2007 by the World Bank, I conduct a synthetic cohort analysis to estimate the likelihood of completing basic, secondary and higher education for men and women; urban and rural residents and ethnic majority and minority citizens. Findings for particular groups are mixed, but in general the gap in educational attainment between advantaged groups and disadvantaged groups narrows during the Soviet era, but widens in the post-Soviet period.     

Putting working-class mothers in their place: social stratification,the field of education,and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice

This article explores how a small sample of working-class mothers encounters the field of education. In the management of family and their children's schooling, mothers bring to bear and replicate ways of knowing that are embodied, are historical and that offer many-sided insights into profoundly stratified societies. Here I draw on Bourdieu's theory of practice as a heuristic device and focus only on the field while leaving in suspension his other conceptual arsenal. Bourdieu argued that understanding the social space in which interactions occur is pivotal, characterised as it is by ‘permanent relationships of inequality'. This study shows that mothers bring to the field their embodied history, their habituated practice, and their access to capitals. The women I interviewed know the precariousness of how they occupy the field of schooling, negotiated through a matrix of intersected positionings and classifications that are embodied.     

村庄居住模式的社会变迁——以LSZ村为个案的考察

目前,中国农村正发生着村民的盖楼运动这一场"大革命"。本文以LSZ村为个案来考察村民的盖楼运动及其引发的居住模式变迁,认为LSZ村居住模式的变迁主要经历三个阶段:"石屋"、"钢筋水泥式楼房"和"别墅式楼房"。而且,这种居住模式的变迁与村庄的社会文化习俗和农民价值观念的变化有着紧密的联系。