东海西海－从明清间儒学与天学的交涉看中国比较文学之渊源

比较学作为一个学科已有一个多世纪的历史，这一学科的形成除了与它形成期的社会思潮和倡导有关外，还与历史上的运用比较方法的种种先例有着密切的联系，明清间天主教大规模介入中国化，导致了西方化与儒家化的第一次大撞，出于传教的目的，西士及中国信徒做了大量的天，儒沟通工作，这一工作从本质上讲是跨化乃至跨明的，具有比较的性质，不失为中国比较学的渊源之一。     

非点源污染防治现状及研究进展

非点源污染主要集中在农村和矿区,城市也有分布,受自然和人为两大因素影响。防治问题主要表现在资金不足、技术落后、重视不够、责任不明确、污染原因多样等方面。研究提出将非点源污染按污染源、污染范围不同划分为不同类型的污染,进行分类防治与管理,并对国内外非点源污染研究进展进行了阐述。以鄱阳湖为例,阐述利用GIS技术建立非点源污染信息数据库,对种植业、养殖业非点源污染提出不同的防治措施。针对鄱阳湖水体富营养化开发出一套低成本的循环利用新方式,为营养元素引起的非点源污染防治提供了科学依据。     

The Anonymity Effect: The Influence of Anonymity on Perceptions of Sources and Information on Health Websites

The study reported here examined the influence of anonymous sources on health websites on the perceptions and attitudes of information seekers. It was hypothesized that, despite the warnings and guidelines established by health organizations, anonymous sources would be perceived to be as credible and influential as sources that were identified. The anonymity effect, drawn from the similarity principle in attribution theory, was forwarded as a theoretical mechanism to explain responses to anonymous sources. The results indicated that anonymous sources were generally perceived by participants to be as credible and influential as identified sources, although the anonymity effect explanation was not supported. The implications of these findings for information seekers and health practitioners are considered.     

Just Enough of a Good Thing: Indications of Long-Term Efficacy in One-Shot Library Instruction

Website attributions were measured as one way of evaluating the efficacy of the “one-shot” library session. Survey results indicated support for single session information literacy instruction in that participants exposed to a librarian classroom visit reported that they would be significantly more likely to have used library databases, checked out a book, asked a librarian for help, and to predict that they would ask a librarian for help at a later time. Results also indicated that students who reported a classroom librarian visit may have engaged in more systematic or complex processing to evaluate websites in that they considered more attributes and took less time to make better judgments about the quality of sources.     

A systematic empirical comparison of different approaches for normalizing citation impact indicators

We address the question how citation-based bibliometric indicators can best be normalized to ensure fair comparisons between publications from different scientific fields and different years. In a systematic large-scale empirical analysis, we compare a traditional normalization approach based on a field classification system with three source normalization approaches. We pay special attention to the selection of the publications included in the analysis. Publications in national scientific journals, popular scientific magazines, and trade magazines are not included. Unlike earlier studies, we use algorithmically constructed classification systems to evaluate the different normalization approaches. Our analysis shows that a source normalization approach based on the recently introduced idea of fractional citation counting does not perform well. Two other source normalization approaches generally outperform the classification-system-based normalization approach that we study. Our analysis therefore offers considerable support for the use of source-normalized bibliometric indicators.     

目的论指导下的旅游资料汉英翻译策略

德国语言学家Hans.J Vermeer等学者于上世纪八十年代创立的翻译目的论为旅游翻译提供了理论支持。通过介绍功能翻译理论中的核心理论目的论,以及对实例的具体分析,提出了旅游资料汉英翻译的几项策略,从而实现译文在译语环境中的预期目的。     

A systematic examination of knowledge loss in open source software projects

Context Open Source Software (OSS) development is a knowledge focused activity which relies heavily on contributors who can be volunteers or paid workers and are geographically distributed. While working on OSS projects contributors acquire project related individualistic knowledge and gain experience and skills, which often remains unshared with others and is usually lost once contributors leave a project. All software development organisations face the problem of knowledge loss as employees leave, but this situation is exasperated in OSS projects where most contributors are volunteers with largely unpredictable engagement durations. Contributor turnover is inevitable due to the transient nature of OSS project workforces causing knowledge loss, which threatens the overall sustainability of OSS projects and impacts negatively on software quality and contributor productivity.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to deeply and systematically investigate the phenomenon of knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects as presented in the state-of-the-art literature and to synthesise the information presented on the topic. Furthermore, based on the learning arising from our investigation it is our intention to identify mechanisms to reduce the overall effects of knowledge loss in OSS projects.MethodologyWe use the snowballing methodology to identify the relevant literature on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects. This robust methodology for a literature review includes research question, search strategy, inclusion, exclusion, quality criteria, and data synthesis. The search strategy, and inclusion, exclusions and quality criteria are applied as a part of snowballing procedure.Snowballing is considered an efficient and reliable way to conduct a systematic literature review, providing a robust alternative to mechanically searching individual databases for given topics.ResultKnowledge sharing in OSS projects is abundant but there is no evidence of a formal strategy or practice to manage knowledge. Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of OSS projects, knowledge management is considered a challenging task and there is a need for a proactive mechanism to share knowledge in the OSS community for knowledge to be reused in the future by the OSS project contributors. From the collection of papers found using snowballing, we consolidated various themes on knowledge loss due to contributor turnover in OSS projects and identified 11 impacts due to knowledge loss in OSS projects, and 10 mitigations to manage with knowledge loss in OSS projects.ConclusionIn this paper, we propose future research directions to investigate integration of proactive knowledge retention practices with the existing OSS practices to reduce the current knowledge loss problem. We suggest that there is insufficient attention paid to KM in general in OSS, in particular there would appear to an absence of proactive measures to reduce the potential impact of knowledge loss. We also propose the need for a KM evaluation metric in OSS projects, similar to the ones that evaluate health of online communities, which should help to inform potential consumers of the OSS of the KM status on a project, something that is not existent today.     

开源软件商业模式结构化分析研究

随着开源软件的普及与发展,与之相关的商业模式呈现多样化态势。基于商业模式与软件本身的紧密程度,对11种商业模式进行结构化分析,并将其归纳为四大类:许可证类、直接配套类、间接配套类以及附属产品类。研究表明:(1)直接配套类商业模式的种类比许可证类、间接配套类以及附属产品类均多;(2)企业常采用多种开源软件商业模式的组合策略;(3)不同商业模式所用许可证类别具有很大的差别,大量开源软件逐渐从选择限制性许可证转向宽松许可证。     

多学科综合的戏曲音乐研究方法

中国戏曲源远流长,最早是原始社会从模仿劳动的歌舞中产生的,随后经历了先秦、汉魏到初唐的漫长萌芽阶段,终于在唐代中后期得以形成,紧随其后的宋金元时期是戏曲的成熟期,最终迎来了明清时期的空前繁荣以及发展到现在不景气的现状。纵观它产生、发展、繁荣、衰落的历史过程,必然有其深刻的社会学、民俗学、人类学原因和戏曲音乐学问题。本文以现存最古老的剧种之一——秦腔为例,来论述多学科综合的戏曲音乐研究方法。     

走向挑战走向新生-国际图联第74届年会热点学术问题选评

介绍了在魁北克城召开的国际图联第74届大会上就开源软件与学术图书馆未来、书目数据的开放与共享、新环境新视角下的元数据、物理数字对象保存、数字资源长期保存基础结构、著作权限制与例外等方面的讨论。