Understanding others Kellyian theory,methodology and applicationComprendre les autres la théorie de Kelly: methodologie et applicationEntendimiemto de los otros la teoría de Kelly: metodología y applicación

This article discusses Kelly's theory of personal constructs and its Repertory grid technique as means of revealing the nature of cultural differences and similarities. It shows how Kelly's theory relates to cognitive theory, implicit personality theory and subjective culture theory. According to Kelly, people and groups are best understood in terms of the ways they anticipate events. People are all psychologists since they employ constructs. These bases of discrimination are bipolar in nature and open to revision. A group's culture is summarized by its members' shared superordinate constructs. Kelly's Commonality Corollary explains that members of a group are similar because they use the same constructs to order events. Kelly's Sociality Corollary states that, in order to enter into a relationship with others, people need first to subsume the others' personal constructs. His custom-built Repertory grid elicits constructs by having a person decide how in a matrix other people, for example, are similar and different. In the rated grid form, each person or element is rated from most to least on the positive pole of each construct. Either principal components or cluster analysis or multidimensional scaling can reveal the interviewed person's superordinate dimensions of appraisal. As an emic technique, the grid is contrasted with the semantic differential and other fixed-format tests. A review of the personal construct literature shows that many individuals and cultural groups have been explained in their own terms. In this research, difference is construed as interesting and others are understood by construing their construction processes as a first step towards approval.     

Leisure and Recreation in Australia:past,present and future

IntroductionLike most western countries,and probably those in the‘east’,contemporary leisure behaviour in Australia is shapedby its past.As the logical corollary,the leisure of today willlikely shape the future.As with the past,the future will bei mpacted upon by a range of social and economic changes?some predictable,some speculative,and some for which ourcurrent state of knowledge and forecasting cannot conceivablypredict.Reflecting on the PastAustralia’s leisure history has two distinct periods.Thefirst ...     

澳大利亚高水平运动员培养体制调查研究

主要采用了实地调查访谈及文献资料调研等方法，对澳大利亚优秀运动员的培养体制进行了的研究。研究认为，澳大利亚在优秀运动员的培养方面主要采用了政府和社会相结合的模式，尤其是各级政府在对培养优秀运动员方面采取了弹性政策，充分利用市场机制培养高水平运动员。这种模式经过第27届悉尼奥运会验证是成功的。在北京取得2008年第29届奥运会举办权之际，澳大利亚培养高水平运动员的经验值得我们学习和借鉴。     

抗美援朝战争中美国对韩国的援助及其影响

朝鲜战争爆发后,作为美国在亚洲的"反共堡垒"和盟友,美国对韩国加大了经济、军事援助,竭力影响韩国的政治和经济,对韩国战后的经济、军事和政治发展进程产生了重要影响。     

以普遍诠释超越还是以超越架构普遍——朱子哲学理路的再反思

作为两宋理学的集大成,朱子哲学在中国文化史上可谓“致广大,尽精微”。自其形成以来,历代的批评不绝如缕、代有其人,从陆象山的“见道不明”到王阳明“伯者的学问”再到牟宗三的“别子为宗”、“只存有不活动”等等,清晰地表现了一条从批评、纠偏到抗衡的轨迹。正是这些批评,昭示了理学的另一进路。朱子由于始终坚持以普遍诠释超越、落实超越的进路,因而不仅将道德理性存在化,而且也将人性“生理”化了,这既决定了他对佛禅的忌讳,对理学“向上一路”的回避,同时也制约着他的宇宙论体系及其走向。所以,以普遍意识置换超越精神,既是朱子哲学所存在的问题,同时也是其以后屡屡遭到批评与纠偏的主要原因。     

心若韩，泪满毡

如果说《蓝色生死恋》《大长今》《冬季恋歌》等剧集是韩剧冲击中国市场的开始,那《继承者们》《来自星星的你》《匹诺曹》等就是韩剧流行中国的大高潮。近年来,韩剧强势登陆中国大陆,对中国本土电视剧产生了巨大的冲击,韩流的风靡席卷了中国大江南北,好像所有的青少年都在一夜之间成为金秀贤,李敏镐的粉丝。韩国的文化、社会风气、语言方式、生活方式等,一时间成为诸多青少年追捧的对象,在这期间,不仅韩剧中男女主角的动作语言成为青少年的模仿重点,就连男女主角的长相都成为了青少年心中美的象征,整容产业在中国这一崇尚自然美的国家都开始迅速流行,中国传统文化和思想道德受到了巨大的冲击。     

Schools, ‘ferals’, stigma and boundary work: parents managing education and uncertainty in regional Australia

This paper examines forms of boundary work undertaken by parents in a regional Australian city to negotiate social processes around the school market amidst rising economic insecurity. It outlines structural changes, which have increased economic inequality in Australia and impacted on educational reform, and the specific challenges faced by public schools in regional settings. Drawing on 18 months’ qualitative research in one regional location, it identifies and analyses forms of boundary work undertaken by middle-class families to manage these uncertainties in a field of scarce economic and cultural resources. Theories of class culture, stigma and whiteness are used to show how local social labels such as ‘ferals’ and ‘shiny people’ acted as classed and racialised ways of negotiating this social and economic landscape through the school field. Such practices engendered feelings of security and control and shed light on feelings of class-based resentment and anxiety in regional Australia, specifically a middle-class ‘fear of falling’.     

Physical activity patterns of ethnic children from low socio-economic environments within the UK

Many children fail to meet physical activity (PA) guidelines for health benefits. PA behaviours are complex and depend on numerous interrelated factors. The study aims to develop current understanding of how children from low Socio-economic environments within the UK use their surrounding built environments for PA by using advanced technology. The environment was assessed in 96 school children (7–9 years) using global positioning system (GPS) monitoring (Garmin Forerunner, 305). In a subsample of 46 children, the environment and PA were assessed using an integrated GPS and heart rate monitor. The percentage of time spent indoor, outdoor, in green and non-green environments along with time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in indoor and outdoor environments were assessed. A 2-by-2 repeated measures analysis of covariance, controlling for body mass index, BF%, assessed the environmental differences. The findings show that 42% of children from deprived wards of Coventry fail to meet PA guidelines, of which 43% was accumulated during school. Children engaged in more MVPA outdoor than indoor environments (P < 0.01) and a greater amount of time was spent in non-green environments (P < 0.01). Increased time outdoors was negatively associated with BF%. In conclusion, outdoor environments are important for health-enhancing PA and reducing fatness in deprived and ethnic children.     

《凯利帮真史》内德·凯利身份认同研究

彼得·凯里第二次获布克奖的小说《凯利帮真史》将澳大利亚官方历史记载中面目狰狞的"丛林大盗"内德·凯利塑造成为一个本性良善但为生活所逼而反抗殖民当局的爱尔兰裔英雄。复活历史人物,让历史人物站出来为自己辩护,凯里巧妙地安排小说人物展开了一场历史话语权的争夺。在他看来,爱尔兰裔澳大利亚人是白澳内部的"他者",他们挑战了澳官方宣称的"澳大利亚是白人的澳大利亚"的观点。     

澳大利亚卓越研究评价的宗旨、方法与运行机制

通过对澳大利亚卓越研究评价2010年、2012年评价实践和2015年实施方案的分析,发现卓越研究评价在既定宗旨的规制下,已形成较为稳定的评价方法和运行机制,其中包括以学科及相应参评基准为依据划分评价单元、定量与定性相结合的评价指标及指标选取原则、依据学科类型特点采用同行评议与引文分析相结合的评价方法、与国际接轨的评价结果等级标准、半官方背景的第三方评价组织机构、详细的参评资料收集与提交规定、开放多元的评价专家遴选方式与规范透明的同行评议流程等。澳大利亚卓越研究评价对我国当前深化高校科技评价改革具有多方面的参考价值。