Development of students’ text-picture integration and reading competence across grades 5–7 in a three-tier secondary school system: A longitudinal study

375 students from 24 randomly selected classes of a three-tier secondary school system were tested in a longitudinal study for their text-picture integration and pure reading competence as well as verbal and spatial intelligence at grades 5–7. Data were analyzed according to the integrated model of text and picture comprehension using hierarchical linear modeling techniques. Results indicate that text-picture integration comprises higher spatial cognitive demands than pure reading. School tiers differed in terms of competency levels, but also in terms of growth rates of text-picture integration competence. Differences between lower tiers and higher tiers for text-picture integration competence became smaller from grade to grade, whereas developmental trajectories of reading competence ran parallel to each other. The study reveals that the skills for the conjoint processing of text and pictures develop in a way that might help especially poorer students in lower school tiers to catch up with their mates in higher tiers as compared to the competence of pure reading. Text-picture integration seems to provide gradually better opportunities for less capable learners to compensate for previous lags in their learning.     

The geography of opportunity: spatial heterogeneity in founding rates and the performance of biotechnology firms

One of the most commonly observed features of the organization of markets is that similar business enterprises cluster in physical space. In this paper, we develop an explanation for firm co-location in high-technology industries that draws upon a relational account of new venture creation. We argue that industries cluster because entrepreneurs find it difficult to leverage the social ties necessary to mobilize essential resources when they reside far from those resources. Therefore, opportunities for high tech entrepreneurship mirror the distribution of critical resources. The same factors that enable high tech entrepreneurship, however, do not necessary promote firm performance. In the empirical analyses, we investigate the effects of geographic proximity to established biotechnology firms, sources of biotechnology expertise (highly-skilled labor), and venture capitalists on the location-specific founding rates and performance of biotechnology firms. The paper finds that the local conditions that promote new venture creation differ from those that maximize the performance of recently established companies.     

中国省域居民生活能源消费的空间效应研究

本文基于2008—2012年中国30个省域为研究对象,从Bayes空间计量的角度研究省域之间生活能源消费的空间效应,并分析不同因素对居民生活能源消费的影响。研究结果表明:中国省域居民能源消费存在显著的空间自相关,多数省域的居民能源消费在空间上呈现高-高和低-低集聚;人口规模是影响居民能源消费最重要的影响因素,其次是居民消费支出和能源消费强度;从当期效应来看,各变量对居民能源消费的直接效应和总效应均显著为正,因此,降低能源消费需要控制人口规模向城市转移的增长速度、降低能源消费强度、引导和改善居民消费结构。     

粤港澳大湾区科技创新能力空间结构演变与影响因素探究

粤港澳大湾区已经成为我国创新驱动发展的桥头堡,助力我国加快提高科技创新能力。本文选取粤港澳大湾区“9+2”城市历年科技创新能力相关数据构建成面板数据集。为了能够进一步分析湾区区域间的科技创新能力差异,将湾区划分成西湾、中湾、东湾和港澳湾。基于空间差异、空间自相关以及空间计量的分析理论与方法,借助GeoDa、ArcGIS和Stata数据分析软件,深层次地探究粤港澳大湾区科技创新能力的空间结构演变及其影响因素。     

遥感与GIS支持下的中国森林植被动态变化分析

为了研究中国森林植被的时空变化 ,该文在遥感技术与GIS技术的支持下 ,对中国近 5a来森林植被动态变化进行了定量研究。首先通过空间分析 ,对森林植被的空间分布格局进行了分析。同时通过空间差异分析、流失流向分析以及重心迁移分析 ,对森林植被的时空变化进行了分析 ,并对森林植被时空变化的机制与驱动因子进行了探讨。分析结果表明 :我国土地利用格局主要由草地、林地、未利用地和耕地为主 ,其中 ,草地面积最大 ,林地与草地在空间分布上都存在纬度、经度和垂直方向上的三度空间规律性变化 ;5a中林草地变化的总趋势是减少的 ,耕地的增加主要以减少林草地为代价的 ,5a间林地重心向西南方向迁移 4km ,草地重心向南偏西方向迁移 2 .7km ;经济发展加速、人类活动增强是导致林草地减少的主要原因。     

基于知识位势的技术创新合作中的知识扩散研究

从知识位势的角度出发,对企业技术创新合作中的知识扩散问题进行了研究。定义了有关知识位势的基本概念,探讨了知识主体间进行知识扩散的条件,给出了知识主体的知识位势扩散函数描述,探讨了知识位势的构成要素及相互作用,对知识主体进行知识扩散的影响因素进行了分析。     

中国科技服务业集聚及影响因素研究

科技服务业对科技创新有关键的支撑推动作用,是现代服务业的重要组成部分,是推动产业结构升级优化的关键产业。面对未来创新经济发展的要求,我国科技服务业在体制机制方面存在诸多不适应性。在分析我国科技服务业发展水平的基础上,利用1995—2012 年中国各省级行政区域科技服务业有关数据,通过空间基尼系数等,解析了中国科技服务业空间集聚发展态势,运用层次聚类分析法考察了我国科技服务业存在的区域非均衡性,阐述了中国科技服务业非均衡发展的深层原因,在借鉴国外发达国家经验基础上,认为对作为现代服务业发展新业态的科技服务业,分别从横向支撑体系、纵向支撑体系、结构支撑体系以及不同区域发展路径提出推进中国科技服务业发展的对策。     

苏南大型集镇空间规划与土地利用结构模式研究

90年代以来 ,苏南的集镇规划达到高潮。大型集镇 ,作为苏南一种较为普遍的集镇类型 ,其规划的功能布局与土地利用结构模式相对复杂 ,客观上需要从理论上进行总结。该文选取苏、锡、常地区的 6个集镇规划样本 ,从集镇性质、规模定位和主导产业选择、路网设计和交通规划、公共用地布局以及功能布局与集镇土地利用结构模式等方面对苏南大型集镇的空间规划进行系统的理论总结。最后 ,就规划实践中的若干共性问题和新的尝试展开讨论。     

基于GIS的精准农业信息流分析方法研究

“精准农业”是基于农田内空间差异性信息和现代科学技术的作物生产管理系统。地理信息系统(GIS)是“精准农业”技术实践中的关键技术之一,它通过与GPS的结合,获取农田内空间差异性信息,建立农田环境要素信息数据库,运用GIS的各项功能对环境要素数据进行转换、处理和分析,最后形成各种指导农业生产的处方图形。该文以上海精准农业示范区为例,分析农田环境要素信息在GIS中的流动过程,信息流动主要环节的技术实现;空间插值方法是精准农业技术实现的重要方法,该文对常用于农田环境要素的空间插值方法做了初步研究。     

Exploring geographic disparities in broadband access and use in rural southern Illinois: Who's being left behind?

Recent literature about broadband telecommunications reveals two major areas that are not only globally gaining prominence, but are also demanding urgent attention from a research perspective. One of the key areas is related to the need to spatially evaluate the availability and deployment of broadband services, especially among urban versus rural communities. Another area of interest falls under the need for enabling broadband policies and strategies that address existing geographic disparities. These motivating factors shaped this research and provided a basis for defining three specific objectives, namely: (1) to identify locations with or without broadband access, (2) to identify underserved rural and inner-city markets, and (3) to determine whether university and community college towns can be used in the adoption and dispersion of broadband technologies in southern Illinois. Supply-side and demand-side data were collected and inputted into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Supply-side data included cable modem, digital subscriber lines (DSL), wireless, and fiber optic lines, while demand data included reported broadband requests from individuals without access (n = 439), students (n = 45,866), and higher education workforce (n = 5419). Using the GIS and statistical techniques, insightful maps of broadband infrastructure were created to illustrate areas of supply and demand so that governments and businesses can address existing gaps in consumer needs. Specifically, different levels of broadband access and use were mapped; different under-served rural and inner-city markets were identified so as to emphasize the dramatic economic impact on the business opportunities available to small business entrepreneurs. Also, different geographies of use and accessibility of broadband connectivity in the study region were synthesized to support decision-making. The resulting maps provided supply and demand marketing intelligence based on the geographic analyses of residential and enterprise sectors. These data can be used as a model to develop specific policy recommendations for a knowledge-based economy, specifically for the southern Illinois region or other rural communities in the United States.