弱势群体共享社会发展成果与政府角色

进入20世纪90年代以来,弱势群体问题日益严重。如何解决弱势群体问题,已经成为我们要创建和谐社会,进一步深化改革,加快经济发展所面临的一个不容回避的问题。救助弱势群体是社会的责任,更是政府的分内职责。政府首先要在保障弱势群体共享社会发展的成果方面要明确其角色定位,进而主导相关社会政策的制定与实施,向弱势群体提供社会支持。     

Word‐art for people: Toward a future of user‐friendly poetry and interactive fiction

Throughout history, word‐art has been valued as a source of magic, wisdom, and delight. The author argues that genre fiction, advertising, popular song lyrics, and greeting card verse all fulfill these traditional social roles, and that current definitions of “serious literature”; are far too narrow. The true importance of word‐art in daily life cannot be assessed without including such “genre”; work along with “speculative”; writing. The future significance of literature for society, though dependent to some degree on developments in computers and telecommunications, would be enhanced if critics, publishers, and writers adopted a more “user‐friendly”; attitude—helping genre readers to find satisfying material more easily, and respecting speculative readers for the additional time and effort they expend in seeking out the unpredictable and unfamiliar in word‐art.     

Gender and Willingness to Confront Hurtful Messages from Romantic Partners

Based on a social role perspective, an individual's hurt and willingness to confront a face attack expressed by a romantic partner were hypothesized to vary with gender, type of face attack, and social context. Undergraduates responding to hypothetical scenarios revealed that when teased, women imagined they would be more hurt and more willing to confront their romantic partners’ attacks than did men. Men reported that they likely would perceive less audience support for confrontation than women. Men reported that they would be less likely than women to confront, regardless of social context. The effect of audience support and hurt are independent and both have comparable influence on willingness to confront. Our findings suggest that responses to hurtful messages are related to the messages’ emotional impact and gender norms.     

Age Role Expectations and Sex Role Expectations for Selected Sport Activities

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if role expectations for participation in 12 selected sport activities existed based on the age (20, 40, 60, or 80 years old) and/or gender of the referent person. A secondary purpose was to determine if the sex role orientation of the respondent influenced the assignment of these age related and/or gender related stereotypes to participation in sport. Female undergraduate nursing students (N = 93) were administered an Activity Appropriateness Scale developed by the investigators and Bem's Sex-Role Inventory (1974). The results indicated that age related expectancies accounted for almost 40% of the variance in subject's responses to the appropriateness of participating in these selected sports and was a more potent stereotype than responses based on sex role appropriateness. Furthermore, sex role orientation × age of the referent person interactions indicated that masculine subjects viewed sports participation as most appropriate, particularly as the age of the referent person increased from 60 to 80 years. The evidence suggests that research be directed toward examining and accounting for the phenomenon of ageism in sport.     

美国教育问责背景下的教学辅导员:回顾与反思

21世纪初美国颁布《不让一个孩子掉队》法案,此后,教学辅导员大量兴起。作为教学领导的一员,教学辅导员在促进学校能量建设、教师专业发展方面被寄予厚望。现实中,教学辅导员对各类角色有所选择和理解,不仅表现出促进者、中介者的角色,并在学习的过程中不断建构新的角色。在形成角色的过程中,教学辅导员受学区、学校等多重因素的影响。教学辅导员若要促进教学改进,必须首先推动学校的内部问责,并在教育系统中获得清晰的定位。     

试论古代两性观对武术性别角色定位的影响

从母系氏族的男女伙伴关系,到男权本位的礼教形成,两性关系的演变在古代社会中扮演着重要的角色,中国几千年的男女性别刻板印象也直接影响到男女社会活动参与.文章试从古代两性观视角,剖析存在于武术运动中的“阴阳”两性哲学观与以此为基础所形成的男女性别角色定位;阐述武术运动中的“男尊女卑”现象与中原胡化后的两性观所形成的女子尚武风气;论述在传统封建纲常礼教束缚下,女子习武所表现出的女性阳刚之气与其对传统礼教的挑战与突破     

论健身武术在构建和谐社会中的地位和作用

健身武术作为构建和谐社会的一个重要载体,在社会生活中的地位日益提高,多元功能也得到进一步发挥,它对构建社会主义和谐社会的积极促进作用不容忽视。采用文献资料的方法,对健身武术在构建社会主义和谐社会中的地位与作用进行探讨。     

课程领导中教师角色的反思与对策

教师作为课程改革的最终实施者,对课程改革的推动和不断走向深入有着重大的实践意义。教师在课程领导中主体性角色的缺失原因是多方面的,构建和谐的课程领导方式、充分发挥教师主体性、提升教师专业能力和专业知识是教师在课程领导中的应有角色。     

集体意识与贵州都柳江流域少数民族传统服饰

服饰是一个特定群体的集体意识的物化表达方式。都柳江流域各民族传统服饰的制作与穿着,就是对他们所共同持有的集体意识的反复强调与强化的过程。在传统农业基础上组成的乡土社会的运转有赖于集体意识的强化,而对私人空间的重视只能是伴随着劳动力的自由流动而出现。同一群体的两性在服饰上所表现出的差异是该群体对两性角色定位的表达。集体意识与个人意识不是一种互相取代的关系。社会分工在给一个人自由发展空间的同时,又从相当隐蔽、深远的层面上把这个人给＂组织化＂了。     

论合作学习任务型英语教学法中教师角色

合作学习任务型教学是指教师通过引导语言学习者合作完成任务来进行的教学。合作学习任务型教学的关键在于教师如何发挥中介作用,如何驾驭学习者,指导学生自主学习,完成任务。让学生充分实践,这样,学生才会真正成为学习的主人。