Stakeholder perceptions of information security policy: Analyzing personal constructs

Organizational stakeholders, such as employees and security managers, may understand security rules and policies differently. Extant literature suggests that stakeholder perceptions of security policies can contribute to the success or failure of policies. This paper draws on the Theory of Personal Constructs and the associated methodology, the Repertory Grid technique, to capture the convergence and divergence of stakeholder perceptions with regards to security policy. We collected data from the employees of an e-commerce company that had developed five information security sub-policies. Our study highlights the practical utility of the Repertory Grid analysis in helping information security researchers and managers pinpoint a) the aspects of a security policy that are well-received by stakeholders, as well as those that are not, and b) the variance in the perceptions of stakeholders. Organizations can, then, capitalize on the well-received aspects of the policy and take corrective action for the ill-received ones.     

民族旅游地参与旅游发展的利益主体的关系研究

民族旅游地参与旅游发展的利益主体间的相互关系是影响民族旅游地可持续发展的主要因素之一。当地政府、旅游企业、社区（含居民）,三者间的关系最直接地影响着民族旅游地旅游业的可持续发展。     

新疆矿产资源开发效应及其对利益相关者的影响

矿产资源勘察、开发、利用等活动,对资源地的经济、社会、资源和生态环境产生一定的正面和负面效应。拥有丰富矿产资源的新疆,矿产资源开发已成为其支柱产业。矿产资源开发一方面拉动了经济的增长和投资的扩大,增加了利益相关者的收入,带动了相关产业的发展,为当地的居民提供了就业机会;另一方面,导致了产业的单一化和重型化,产生"荷兰病"效应,对人力资本和科技创新产生挤出效应,对环境造成污染,破坏生态平衡,耗费大量的水土资源等,不利于新疆的跨越式发展。矿产资源开发效应对利益相关者造成不同程度的影响,对资源开发的企业而言,直接享受资源开发的高额利润,将产生的资源效应和环境效应等负面效应转嫁给其他的企业和当地的居民;中央政府和地方政府程度不同的享受到资源开发的正面效应,但也承担着资源开发产生的负面效应;当地的居民直接享受不到资源开发正面效应,却直接承担着资源开发造成的资源诅咒效应、资源效应和环境效应等负面效应。     

利益相关者理论视角下高校图书馆社会角色的重构与社会责任的履行

随着全民阅读时代的到来,社会公众的文化消费需求与提升文化素养的欲望日益强烈,而图书价格的提高。公共图书馆资源的匮乏,使得社会公众阅读成本较高,尤其阅读专业文献,获取专业信息咨询服务比较困难,在此情况下,作为纳税人的公众强烈呼呈高校图书馆加快对外开放的进程。论文在分析高校图书馆社会化转型的必要性基础上,以利益相关者的视角,探讨高校图书馆社会角色的重构,以及针对不同层级不同利益相关者所应承担的社会责任。     

Public e-services for agency efficiency and citizen benefit — Findings from a stakeholder centered analysis

The main goals of e-government are to increase agency efficiency and offer benefits to citizens. These goals have often been addressed as two interplaying outcomes of public e-service development, which are possible to achieve in parallel. This article shows that the two frequently applied stakeholders of e-government (agencies and citizens) are much too extensive and heterogeneous in order to be meaningfully addressed in public e-service conceptualization and development. We conduct a stakeholder centered analysis of a public e-service development and implementation process in order to identify stakeholder groups and discuss how they differ in their perceptions and, consequently, also in their feelings of relevance and need related to the e-service. By adopting a multi-faceted perspective on stakeholders, public e-service development can be analyzed and understood in a way that takes several stakeholder groups into account. Our study contributes with deeper insights about a situation where stakeholder salience changes over time, while some stakeholder groups have low salience during the entire process. The result of conducting a stakeholder centered analysis is that we, by visualizing the stakeholder groups' differences, are better prepared to meet and combine different needs related to a planned e-service. Thus, we argue that a stakeholder centered analysis of expectations and opinions concerning the e-service help to develop e-services possible to succeed in offering both external service and internal efficiency.     

Stakeholder perceptions on the democratic governance of major sports events

This paper addressed the following research questions: (1) How do the different event stakeholders view the principles associated with democratic governance (performance, accountability, transparency and stakeholder participation) in relation to planning major sports events? and (2) How informative are democratic governance principles for studying major sports events? An exploratory study of the stakeholders involved in the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Winter Games, 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games, and 2015 Toronto Pan American Games was undertaken using 55 interviews. Stakeholders’ perceptions of the principles were generally similar to definitions found in the governance literature (cf. Bevir, 2010, Callahan, 2007). However, this paper demonstrates that accountability, transparency and participation should be divided into internal and external aspects in order to better understand and enact the governance of sport events. As well, stakeholder participation was found to be a central principle, evolving over time and having to be planned and actively enacted to foster an emotional connection with the event. Thus, democratic governance principles can be used to examine the governance system (structures, processes) and stakeholder relationships found in major sport events, and highlight key areas of importance for event organizers and stakeholders in governing this complex environment. A model illustrating the interrelationships between the principles is offered.     

Higher education and its communities: Interconnections, interdependencies and a research agenda

Universities everywhere are being forced to carefully reconsider their role in society and to evaluate the relationships with their various constituencies, stakeholders, and communities. In this article, stakeholder analysis is put forward as a tool to assist universities in classifying stakeholders and determining stakeholder salience. Increasingly universities are expected to assume a third mission and to engage in interactions with industrial and regional partners. While incentive schemes and government programmes try to encourage universities to reach out more to external communities, some important barriers to such linkages still remain. To fulfil their obligation towards being a socially accountable institution and to prevent mission overload, universities will have to carefully select their stakeholders and identify the ‘right’ degree of differentiation. For the university, thinking in terms of partnerships with key stakeholders has important implications for its governance and accountability arrangements. For the future of the universities we foresee a change towards networked governance and arrangements to ensure accountability along the lines of corporate social responsibility. In order to further explore some of these concepts and to empirically investigate the tendencies suggested here, this article proposes an ambitious research agenda for tackling the emerging issues of governance, stakeholder management and higher education’s interaction with society.     

基于利益相关者理论的民办学校财务管理目标分析

现代企业治理理论之一的利益相关者理论已被借鉴到管理学、社会学、政治学、教育学等诸多学科领域的研究中。根据米切尔评分法提出的属性和权重,对民办学校特点分析的基础上,将民办学校利益相关者分为核心利益相关者、重要利益相关者、间接利益相关者和边缘利益相关者四类。追求相关者利益最大化是民办学校财务管理的最理想目标。以此目标为导向,应在实践中兼顾各个利益关系,协调利益冲突,加强和完善财务管理体制,建立起民办学校所有利益相关者参与的共同治理结构。     

脆弱生态区生态系统服务消费与生态补偿研究:进展与挑战

人类社会对生态系统服务的需求和消费日益增加,对生态系统状态和生态系统服务的可持续供给产生了深刻影响。人类采取了一系列响应措施来维持生态系统的健康,其中通过生态补偿的途径来保护生态系统成为当前学术界关注的热点。本文的目的是结合脆弱生态区的研究结果,对近年学术界在生态系统服务消费和生态补偿研究领域实质性进展进行论述,提出相关研究面临的挑战。分析表明,生态系统服务消费在理论研究的基础上,正在向消费行为、消费方式、消费效用,以及对环境和社会经济综合影响的定量化研究发展;生态补偿研究在补偿标准厘定方面有了重要进展,利益相关者分析方法的应用使得补偿主客体界定更具科学性。但是,应当充分重视相关研究面临的挑战和亟待解决的问题,为生态系统保护和满足人类福祉需求提供保障。     

Strategic alignment of participant motivations in e-government collaborations: The Internet Payment Platform pilot

Large-scale information technology implementations are risky projects, and the challenges and risks multiply when multiple organizations are involved, as is often the case in e-government initiatives. Some of the risk can be addressed by carefully aligning the partners' motivations, which are affected by each organization's internal and external operational and information technology strategies. In this paper, we propose a strategic alignment framework and use it to examine the motivations of a set of collaborating government agencies and businesses in the pilot implementation of the Internet Payment Platform, an interorganizational, third-party hosted, e-procurement system. As we predict, the partners in this study had varied technical, political, economic, and operational motivations for participating in the project. Even so, the participating agencies reported positive outcomes from the project, and look forward to further collaboration on the next iteration of this e-procurement system.