我国转基因技术发展中的利益相关者分析

以利益相关者理论作为依托,从利益视角界定了中国转基因技术发展中的利益相关者,并借鉴权力-利益矩阵,全面分析利益相关者的权力及其利益,在着重分析国家部门、地方政府、科研院所、中资公司、种粮农民、食品消费者的利益关系的基础上,对如何协调这几类利益相关者的利益提出相关的见解及建议。     

A quasi-experimental evaluation of learning in a stakeholder dialogue on bio-energy

Dealing with unstructured issues, such as the transition to a sustainable energy system, requires stakeholder participation. A stakeholder dialogue should enhance learning about a problem and its potential solutions. However, not in any form will a stakeholder dialogue be effective. Part and parcel to the development of methodologies for stakeholder dialogue is the evaluation of those methodologies. The aim of this paper is to show how a methodology for stakeholder dialogue can be evaluated in terms of learning. This paper suggests three criteria for the evaluation of learning in stakeholder dialogue: (1) an operationalizable definition of the desired effect of dialogue, (2) the inclusion of a reference situation or control condition, and (3) the use of congruent and replicable evaluation methods. Q methodology was used in a quasi-experimental design to analyse to what extent learning took place in a stakeholder dialogue on energy options from biomass in the Netherlands. It is concluded that the dialogue had a significant effect: the dialogue increased participants’ understanding of the diversity of perspectives. This effect is traced back to particular methodological and design elements in the dialogue.     

Market orientation in managing relationships with multiple constituencies of Croatian higher education

In this paper, market orientation in Croatian higher education (HE) is discussed within the context of stakeholder-oriented management. Drawing on existing studies, the ‘classical’ empirical model, describing the market orientation of generic nonprofit organisations, has been adapted to the contingencies of the Croatian HE sector. Empirical testing of the model, based on primary data drawn from the majority of public institutions of higher learning in the country, reveals inadequate market orientation toward the relevant stakeholders. Although social market orientation currently does not exist in Croatian HE institutions, the empirical results confirm that it might be possible to initiate a ‘virtuous circle’, in which relevant market orientation and stakeholder management practices, directed toward one or other of the stakeholders, simultaneously enhance orientation toward the other stakeholders. Unfortunately, the current situation in HE is not satisfactory, which could hinder the implementation of development of knowledge society in Croatia.

韩国发展障碍者自权主张运动的背景与课题

本研究在韩国发展障碍者自权主张运动的背景和课题上,收集资料并进行了分析,概括研究结果,获得如下的结论:韩国发展障碍者自权主张运动的开始与韩国社会对残疾人态度变化有关,受到了美国"以人为本"思想的影响,是为了宣传发展障碍者也跟正常人一样而展开的运动。为此召开了四次自权主张大会,为自权主张运动领导人每年进行两次培训,出版了7种相关资料。以市·郡,市·道为单位构建了"互助互爱协会"联盟。韩国发展障碍者自权主张运动短期内有了一定的发展,为以后的发展指出了几个课题。课题包括确保会员及会员管理、对会员教育和领导人培养支援的问题、确保后援会及赞助方案。作为草根运动,市·郡,市·道联盟的发展,带来了全国联盟的创建,并与世界联盟交流。为了韩国发展障碍者自权主张运动的成功,要与社会携手,宣传该运动的必要性,要得到父母、教师、专家、社会福利会的支援,努力争取政府的财政支援。     

Corporate governance and innovation: The UK compared with the US and ‘insider’ economies

How well does the UK corporate governance and financial system (CG&FS) support and encourage innovation? Each CG&FS faces four challenges which vary by sector: novelty, reconfiguration, visibility and spill-overs. High novelty in technologies and markets requires high industry-wide expertise; need for radical reconfiguration requires strong pressure for shareholder value. Low visibility of innovation processes requires shareholder engagement; high spill-overs to and from stakeholders require substantial stakeholder inclusion. The UK CG&FS is rated in these terms against the US and ‘insider’ economies, drawing on recent fieldwork, and the ratings are shown to account well for the relative R&D intensity and specialisation of UK-owned firms.     

基于利益相关者理论的公共图书馆社会合作探微——以佛山市图书馆为例

基于利益相关者理论,探讨了公共图书馆利益相关者的概念、界定,构建了公共图书馆利益相关者的基本图谱。以公共图书馆利益相关者为研究视角,以佛山市图书馆社会合作为例,提出从了解利益相关者资源与诉求、坚持合作原则、完善合作机制等方面促进公共图书馆社会合作。     

A typology of cause-related marketing approaches in European professional basketball

As professional sports organisations are increasingly engaging in Cause-Related Marketing (CRM), there is a growing interest in understanding to what extent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can deliver win–win outcomes for both the organisation and society at large. In this article, the authors provide a typology of CRM approaches adopted by professional sports teams and demonstrate if and how they approach social responsibility from a marketing perspective. The authors use a qualitative method to explore CRM engagement of professional basketball teams in Europe. The findings show that CRM is more than an act of philanthropy to the majority of the sports organisations. The sport organisations envision a win–win situation either through increased revenue or improved stakeholder relationships, or a combination of both. The authors merge the CSR and CRM concept and contribute to the CRM literature by investigating it from a broad managerial and stakeholder perspective rather than from a unilateral consumer perspective. The model will assist sports managers in CRM decision-making, more specifically, in handling the paradox between commercialising CRM and safeguarding integrity.     

学术期刊利益相关者分析及竞争力提升策略

【目的】 准确识别和科学分类学术期刊利益相关者,为学术期刊采取有效策略动员各方主体、提升竞争力提供参考。【方法】 借鉴Mitchell的利益相关者分析法,从合法性、权力性和紧急性三个属性出发,对学术期刊利益相关者进行界定、分类和管理。【结果】 识别出10个学术期刊利益相关者,并将其划分为确定型、预期型和潜在型三类,分别构成学术期刊竞争力提升的核心层、支持层和扩展层。【结论】 学术期刊应当基于多元利益相关者组合不断提升竞争力。对于核心层的确定型利益相关者,采取积极调动型策略;对于支持层的预期型利益相关者,采取合作型策略;对于扩展层的潜在型利益相关者,采取维持型策略。与此同时,应强化利益相关者利益协调与整合机制。