论国家网络信息政策

国家网络信息政策是调控和管理网络信息活动的重要人文手段之一。国家网络信息政策的内容构成一个有机的整体。国家网络信息政策体系可分为 3个层次 :规范网络信息活动平台的政策 ;规范网络信息活动基础的政策和规范网络信息活动实体的政策。参考文献 14     

Person perception in cross-cultural settings: A review of cross-cultural and related cognitive literature

The purpose of this paper is to review cross-cultural studies and other relevant cognitive literature concerning person perception in a cross-cultural setting. A summary is made of the major findings and hypotheses are suggested which would significantly increase our understanding of this very underresearched field. The authors determine that cross-cultural research in those areas reviewed suffers from lack of unity as a result of little common theory-driven research. Finally, potentially contributive cognitive theories and concepts are briefly mentioned that might improve research paradigms and provide a more unified approach to cross-cultural person perception research.     

The effects of test expectations based upon goals on the free recall of learning from text

The number of facts college students correctly recalled was not affected by whether they were provided goals which did or did not encourage them to reorganize the passage material they studied. This held both for learners asked to recall all facts they could and those asked to recall only a portion of the goal-targeted facts. Learners whose recall exhibited reorganization of passage material did not differ in number of correctly recalled facts from those who failed to reorganize the passage material. Learners were more apt to reorganize the text materials when asked to recall only a portion of the goal-targeted facts than when asked to recall all facts they could. Self-report data suggest learners primarily use goals to rehearse the targeted material only after they carefully read a study passage.     

A comparison of sex differences in career and achievement motivation in Iran and the U.S.

Differences in career and achievement motivation of U.S. and Iranian male and female college and high school students were compared, employing recently developed cross-cultural methodology. Of particular interest was the differential shift in achievement orientation at different age levels in the two cultural samples. Whereas achieving and career orientations were found to be higher in the U.S. college than in U.S. high school samples, the reverse was true in the Iranian samples. Compatible with observations made elsewhere, this suggests that age-related waxing and waning of achieving orientations occur in different cycles in different cultures. Also of interest was that the culture main effect was not significant but that the culture × sex interaction was. Thus, overall, achieving orientations between the culture samples were not different but Iranian males and females exhibited greater differences in achieving orientations than did U.S. subjects, as was predicted.     

Expectancy and halo effects as a result of artificially induced teacher bias

This investigation examined the effects of deviancy labels on teachers' expectations of child behavior and their ability to evaluate child behavior objectively. One hundred elementary school teachers were randomly assigned to one of four label groups. Each group dealt with one label (emotionally disturbed, learning disabled, mentally retarded, normal), and each group participated in two separate treatment phases. During Phase I teachers identified behaviors they expected to be displayed by hypothetical children characteristic of the label condition. They were asked to complete a referral form for either a hypothetical normal, mentally retarded, learning disabled, or emotionally disturbed child. During Phase II, each group saw the same videotape of a normal fourth grade boy and completed a second referral form based on the behaviors displayed during this presentation. Experimental procedures were identical for the four groups, except each group was told the child was a member of a different category.Results indicated that teachers hold negative expectancies toward children categorized with a deviancy label and maintain expectancies even when confronted with normal behavior, behavior inconsistent with the stated label. Maintenance of this bias is sufficient to cause teachers to misinterpret actual child behavior, resulting in a halo effect. Results further indicated that the label of educable mentally retarded generated a greater degree of negative bias than did the labels learning disabled or emotionally disturbed, although all three deviancy labels produced negative expectancies and halo effects significantly different from those found under control conditions.     

An overview of pluralistic therapy with application to Hispanics

This paper pinpoints three critical questions in pluralistic counseling: Are the psychological differences between ethnic groups extensive enough to necessitate ethnic-specific therapeutic techniques?; How should we educate and measure effectiveness of pluralistic therapists?; What research is needed to close gaps of our understanding about pluralistic therapy? Study of Hispanic cultures provides many examples of maladjustment syndromes that are culturally-specific. These culturally-specific syndromes of maladjustment among Hispanics are used to illustrate directions for developing ethnic-specific therapeutic modalities. The characteristics of effective pluralistic therapists as delineated in social and psychological literature are summarized, and directions for future research are outlined.     

Bridging the Great Divide: Librarian-faculty Collaboration in Selected Higher Institutions in Lagos State Nigeria

This paper examines librarian-faculty collaboration in selected academic libraries in Lagos State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling method was used to select five out of a total population of nine higher institutions in Lagos State. Questionnaire was used as the major instrument for data gathering among librarians in the selected institutions. The study found that librarians are willing to collaborate with faculty in the areas of providing Current Awareness Services (CAS), working with accreditation teams, and helping to develop both the media and information literacy skills of students. The study also found that librarians believe that faculty board meetings and library committee initiatives are effective platforms for promoting librarian faculty collaboration. Further, the study identified essential skills for librarian-faculty collaboration. Overall, findings show that a weak negative correlation exists between gender and area of collaboration at N?=?38, r?=??0.136, p?<?0.05. The survey also found a significant weak negative relationship between age and area of collaboration (N?=?38, r?=??0.379, p?<?0.05). No significant relationship was found between work experience and area of collaboration (r?=??0.067, p?=?0.696?>?0.05). The study therefore suggests that stakeholders in higher education should imbibe the culture of expanding and strengthening collaboration between librarians and faculty.     

孤本文献《学政录》及其价值

天一阁藏明刻本《学政录》是嘉靖中期福建提学官朱衡颁布的学政条例。《学政录》不仅是海内孤本文献,也是目前所知明代最早单独成书的提学条例,对于研究明代学校和生员考试均有重要的参考价值,对于了解风宪官巡历、放告制度在地方的运作情形亦有所裨益。该文献对岁考和提学官巡历、放告等有翔实记载,于他处鲜见,具有较高的史料价值。     

对国家赔偿法法律适用有关问题之思考

我国自1995年正式实施《国家赔偿法》以来,在保障人权和制约、监督行政机关依法行政以及司法机关公正执法等方面发挥了重要作用。然而,随着这部法律的实施,其存在的不足和缺陷逐步暴露出来。其中,赔偿程序问题、赔偿范围问题、赔偿标准问题以及国家赔偿费用支付问题,一直是颇具争议的问题,亦为众多学者所诟病。本文针对国家赔偿法归责原则上的缺陷,指出在法律适用中存在的有关问题,提出完善国家赔偿的法律适用方面存在问题的建议和相应的完善措施,对现今社会主义法制建设有着十分重要的现实意义。     

对刘渊争取汉族民族策略的思考

西晋末期,匈奴族受汉族的影响,逐渐由游牧经济向农耕经济转化i其社会组织结构也相应发生了变化,与此同时,西晋王朝不断激化的社会矛盾使其政权统治摇摇欲坠,汉人和少数民族起义不断。匈奴贵族刘渊乘“八王之乱”,打出了“宗汉立国”的旗号起兵反晋。从历史学和民族学角度分析这一历史事实及刘渊深受汉文化影响的人生经历,其中包含刘渊所具有的对汉文化强烈的认同倾向。