论现代信息技术条件下检索语言的应用及检索效率变化

现代信息技术条件下 ,各类检索语言适应程度和用户的检索习惯等因素会对其检索效率产生影响。以自然语言为标识的检索语言最能与现代科学技术发展相适应。信息检索的现代化信息环境形成及信息载体的变革直接影响情报检索的方式和技术。人工创制的检索语言之间的融合 ,以及人工创制的检索语言与自然语言的和谐统一是一种检索语言变化趋势。     

A critical consideration of the changing conditions of schooling for students with disabilities in Greece and the fragility of international in local contexts

ABSTRACT

The Salamanca Statement is held as a high-water mark in the history of the global development of inclusive education. It represented agreements bringing together representatives from 92 governments and 25 international organisations to advocate for a more inclusive education for students with disabilities. Since 1994 the Salamanca Statement has been referred to by international education organisations, national education jurisdictions, and disability advocacy organisations as a foundation for progressing inclusive education. In this respect the Salamanca Statement has been important for the inclusive education and Education for All [UNESCO 1998. From Special Needs Education to Education for All: Discussion Paper for the International Consultative Forum on Education for All. Paris: UNESCO] movements. However, international agreements and conventions are fragile in the face of local contingencies and become difficult to apply. We examine the case of inclusive education in Greece to reflect on this complex relationship between international aspirations and the real politic of individual nation states. Greece, like other nations, has embraced the discourse of inclusive education and its successive governments can demonstrate policy activity and public expenditure on the education of disabled students. This is remarkable in a climate of ‘crisis’ and ‘austerity’ where the only investment in the teaching workforce is in the area of inclusive education. However, is Greek education more inclusive in practice as well as rhetoric?     

Chinese Academy of Sciences Policy Statement on Open Access to Articles from Publicly Funded Scientii c Research Projects

<正>May 15,2014Publicly funded scientific research is an important means for the society to create knowledge,support innovation,and promote growth.Research articles from such research are knowledge resources to be shared by all.Their open access will facilitate the dissemination and utilization of knowledge,turn the knowledge produced by public investment effectively into innovation and development capabilities of the society,ensure that public knowledge benefi ts all,and strengthen the innovation driven development strategy.Therefore,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)issues at the present stage the following open access policy for articles from publicly funded scientifi c research projects:CAS requires its researchers and graduate students to     

Selected South African Grade 10 learners' perceptions of two Learning Areas: Mathematical Literacy and Life Orientation

Abstract

In 2006, Mathematical Literacy (ML) and Life Orientation (LO) were introduced into South Africa's Grade 10 national curriculum. The implementation of the ML programme in schools stemmed from a need to improve the level of numeracy of the general population of South Africa, while LO was introduced to equip learners to solve problems and to make informed decisions and choices. The research objective of this study was to investigate and describe Grade 10 learners' perceptions of the two new learning areas. This investigation was situated within the ecosystemic paradigm. A mixed-method design was applied, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, using non-experimental and phenomenological designs, respectively. Data were collected by means of observation and questionnaires from 193 Grade 10 learners from three types of schools: private schools, former Model C schools, and disadvantaged schools in the Nelson Mandela Metropole adhering to the required ethical measures. The questions were grouped into five themes for each learning area, namely the learners' attitude towards the learning area, the resources available and used for teaching and learning, the learners' empowerment through the learning area, the significance of the learning area, and enriching experiences in the learning area. Recommendations were made in line with the findings.     

‘From OBE to C2005 to RNCS’: Are we still on track?

Abstract

There is a general lack of understanding about the interrelationship between outcomes-based education (OBE), Curriculum 2005 (C2005) and the revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS). There is a tendency to perceive the three as different and distinct entities. This stems from the belief that the transformation of education in South Africa followed the pattern of ‘from OBE to C2005 to the RNCS’, and that this movement or shift is exclusive in the sense that each step in this chain or progression is totally new and independent of the previous one. Based on this, the author is apprehensive as to whether the RNCS will be implemented as envisaged. The fault may lie with the teachers themselves as a result of acquired prejudices and anxieties, the manner in which the Department of Education (DoE) conducts its advocacy campaigns or the teacher training institutions’ curricula.

This article looks at teachers’ understanding of this evolutionary sequence, ‘from OBE to C2005 to RNCS’; and relates it to the intention to stay on track for the purposes of educational transformation and the implementation of the RNCS.     

“程序性知识”在计算机教学中的应用

从教育心理学的角度阐述了知识的类型。根据程序性知识的特点,结合程序性知识和计算机学科的特点,提出了"程序性知识"在计算机教学中需考虑的几个环节,同时为培养学生的创新精神和创新能力提供了一种新思路、新途径。     

《围城》语言中虚拟陈述的修辞意义

所谓虚拟陈述大致相当于西文中用虚拟语气构成的陈述。受古汉语语言和思维的影响,中国古代小说虚拟陈述明显地比较拘谨;而现代作家受西文语法和思维方式的影响,开始较多地使用虚拟陈述。《围城》中虚拟陈述的修辞意义有三个方面。①提高了语言的阐释与表现功能。虚拟陈述在"事实"之外开辟了一块新天地。"实写"不能表达的东西,往往可以通过"虚写"予以补充。②有助于反映现代人复杂的心理活动。在叙事文学中引入与事实相反的假想、猜测,可以非常深入地反映现代人复杂的心理活动。③有效地创造了讽刺和幽默的效果。在通过调侃与戏谑创造讽刺效果方面,虚拟陈述有着不可替代的作用。     

“扶义而动，推理而行”——引譬、援类再探讨

推类是中国古代推理的主要模式。其结构通常由言事与言道两个部分组成。言事与言道的核心是“喻”。其理论根据是：所言事与道之间共同存在的“义”。找到事与道之间共同的“义”,便可“扶义而动,推理而行”。由“事”理过渡到“道”理。     

学位论文版权使用授权声明的失当与规范

在我国近年发生的一系列的"学位论文侵权案"的判决的基础上,分析了部分学位授予单位的学位论文使用授权声明的内容,对学位论文使用授权声明的制订提出了对策、建议。