试论精馏和反应过程的节能

精馏和反应过程的节能,对于减少能源消耗,降低生产成本和保护环境具有十分重要的意义。在精馏过程中可以采用最适宜回流比操作,采用最佳进料状态,使用中间冷凝器和中间再沸器,高效精馏、热泵精馏。合理安排多组分物料分离流程,直接利用过程热量及开发应用高效换热器等措施。在反应过程中应重视反应途径的合成,反应器的合理选择和高效反应器的设计开发、适宜反应条件的选取和优化等问题。     

雾沫夹带情况下蒸馏塔盘Murphree 效率预测新方法

A new empirical correlation has been presented for the effect of entrainment on distillation tray efficiency based on the results of numerical solution given by Lockett,et al.The calculated results are in good agreement with those of the numerical solution given by Lockett,et al.The average deviation is 1.14% and the maximum deviation is 4.76% for the ranges of 0相似文献   

减压蒸馏装置的改进及问题探讨

进行减压蒸馏实验，采用直立式“Ｕ”形压力计替代真空表，用壁厚３ｍｍ的下嘴瓶代替干燥塔，并自制部分联接件，由实验给出的数据表明，这样做是可行的。文章还从操作、气压计校正、理论计算等方面讨论了减压蒸馏中出现的ｂ．ｐ（沸点温度）随系统压力增大出现偏差的现象，证明这种改进后的实验能在普通高校开设。     

一种新型的自搅拌蒸馏反应器

现行的用于蒸馏和化学反应的烧瓶类玻璃仪器 ,有园底烧瓶、两颈瓶、三颈瓶等 .其存在的共同问题是为防止暴沸需加沸石 ,如反应需要搅拌 ,还必须安装搅拌装置 .加入沸石和搅拌密封 ,不但麻烦而且又容易引进杂质 .特别是对于微量、半微量试验 ,这一点尤其不能忽视 .本文介绍的这种新型反应蒸馏装置 ,不仅不易暴沸且具有自搅拌作用 ,无需另外安装搅拌装置和加沸石 ,就可以使反应和蒸馏比较容易地进行 .     

分子蒸馏技术的应用研究进展

介绍了分子蒸馏技术的由来、分类与发展.介绍了分子蒸馏技术在各个领域中的应用,国内外发展状况及分子蒸馏的模型研究概况,并对未来的分子蒸馏技术研究提出展望.     

双组分物系的蒸馏方法及馏出液组成的分析

对双组分物系的蒸馏方法进行了阐述，并就各种蒸馏方法馏出液的组成进行了分析。论述了各种蒸馏方法的特点以及适用范围，揭示出它们之间的彼此联系和区别。     

氨氮测定方法的比较

通过对测定氨氮的两种方法进行对比，认为将现行采用的蒸馏－滴定法改为电极法具有灵敏，快速和测量范围广等优点，而且可以极大的减轻分析人员的劳动强度，具有积极的现实意义。     

Minimum Amount of Slop Cut in Batch Distillation

The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confirmed by dynamic simulation, and total efflux time was adopted by statistic method. For the mixture of hexane and cyclohexane and the traditional constant reflux ratio operation strategy, the amount of slop cut is 1.8-2.1 times of the minimum amount of slop cut; whereas for the pulse-control operation strategy, it is 1.2-1.4 times of the minimum amount of slop cut. So compared with the traditional constant reflux ratio operation, the pulse-control operation can decrease the amount of slop cut and operation time, and meanwhile, enhance separation efficiency and yield.     

痛苦化为美丽绝望变成升华--试论陶渊明人生的"幸福结局"

陶渊明在经过种种艰难困苦以后 ,却达到了一种真正意义上的人生“幸福结局”。因为在他的田园耕读生活中 ,“绝望”变成了“升华”“痛苦”已化为“美丽 ,。而对陶渊明人生“幸福结局”的定位 ,其意义更在于可以较为充分与明确地揭示出他所最终选择的一种人生道路在历史与现实中的双重永恒价值。     

A decision mechanism for the selective combination of evidence in topic distillation

The combination of evidence can increase retrieval effectiveness. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a decision mechanism for the selective combination of evidence for Web Information Retrieval and particularly for topic distillation. We introduce two measures of a query’s broadness and use them to select an appropriate combination of evidence for each query. The results from our experiments show that there is a statistically significant association between the output of the decision mechanism and the relative effectiveness of the different combinations of evidence. Moreover, we show that the proposed methodology can be applied in an operational setting, where relevance information is not available, by setting the decision mechanism’s thresholds automatically.