The energy glitch: Speculative histories and quantum counterfactuals

Energy (in all its conceptualizations and connotations) is a glitch, a bug, an error. Energy is presented here as a roadblock in efforts to articulate and formulate a coherent physical model of the universe, as well as an impediment to achieving just and equitable social relations. Energy broke physics and broke society. This article traces conundrums and uncertainties that prevail in physics today, from the irreconcilability of quantum dynamics and gravitational spacetime to the unsatisfactory postulation of dark energy, and the profusion of probabilistic reasoning. I offer a brief history of thermodynamics and its entanglement with industrial capitalism via the steam engine. I explore alternate histories of energy (hydrodynamic and metabolic) and speculate on the potential social implications of these counterfactual trajectories. Finally, building on the novel Constructor Theory paradigm, I entertain the possibility of replacing energy with informed noticing as the undergirding architecture of physics, replacing dynamics with discernment as the underbelly of the discipline. The operation within is not to argue that the current course of energy-based physics is “incorrect,” but rather that it is problematic both for reasons of cosmological compatibility and the social disharmony it has wrought.     

超临界CO2萃取茶叶籽油及其分子蒸馏馏出物抗氧化成分分析

以茶叶籽为原料,采用超临界CO2萃取得到茶叶籽油,通过分子蒸馏富集提取茶叶籽油中抗氧化成分,并采用UHPLC-TOF-MS分析其组成。结果表明,CO2流速对萃取速率影响较大,采用超临界CO2梯度萃取的模式,不同萃取阶段得到的茶叶籽油的酸价存在一定规律,在萃取初期,茶叶籽油的酸价较高,随着萃取过程的进行,酸价逐渐降低,说明游离脂肪酸更容易溶解在超临界CO2中。茶叶籽油分子蒸馏馏出物中主要的抗氧化成分包括：山茶甙C,表儿茶素没食子酸酯,表阿福豆素,表儿茶素及表没食子儿茶素等5种。     

橙皮挥发油的提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取橙皮中的挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析挥发油的组成成分。结果表明,橙皮中挥发油橙香味浓郁,其主要成分为柠檬烯,气相色谱中的保留时间为6.72 min ,含量达到80％以上。     

锅炉主、再热蒸汽超温分析及控制措施

主、再热蒸汽超温频繁出现,对机组性能产生影响,在机组运行工况发生变化时,应加强对汽温的监视与调整,分析其影响因素与变化的关系,摸索出汽温调节的一些经验,来指导我们的调整操作。超温现象控制效果非常明显。自这些措施在值内开始应用以来,长时间以来再没有发生超温情况。     

FON-350/900型分馏塔使用外部气源运行中的工况分析及工艺创新

为解决FON-350/900型分馏塔配置空压机气量不足的问题,采用外部无油压缩空气进行生产运行,对运行中相关设备的工况进行分析,并根据实际的工况对操作工艺流程进行创新,由此提高生产效率.     

精制松香工艺优化及精馏装置设计

松脂中含有松节油和松香,通过水蒸气精馏、减压水蒸气精馏可以分离出松节油,得到松香。松香再通过减压精馏,即可生产精制松香。精制松香的生产设备正是基于这个原理进行研制的,其主要由精馏塔、降膜式列管再沸器和釜液循环管路等构成。设计的装置生产的精制松香得率≥92%,色泽(加纳色号)12,软化点≥78℃,酸值≥181。     

不同干燥方式对YAG粉末性能的影响

以硝酸铝[Al（NO3）3.9H2O]和硝酸钇[Y（NO3）3.6H2O]为原料,碳酸氢铵[NH4HCO3]为沉淀剂,PET400为分散剂。采用共沉淀法制备了YAG前驱体粉末,分别用直接干燥和共沸蒸馏对YAG前驱体粉末进行脱水处理。用X射线仪、扫描电子显微镜、粒度分析仪等测试手段对产品进行表征。结果表明：采用共沉淀法,在1200℃煅烧1h,相对于直接烘干,共沸蒸馏制得的YAG粉末纯度更高,粒度更细,分布更均匀,团聚较少。     

基于PCS7的精馏控制系统设计

设计了一个基于SIMATIC PCS7的精馏过程控制系统,系统由S7—400控制系统和监控操作系统组成。S7—400控制系统采用CFC对精馏塔的精馏过程进行编程控制,其中包括塔顶温度和塔底液位控制、储罐液住监控以及电机、阀门、泵、加热器、制冷器等的开关控制;监控操作系统将上位机监控画面WinCC与下住机相应变量连接,实时监控整个教学工厂的生产过程变量,确保安全生产。     

Enrichment of semi-volatile organic acids from aqueous solutions by multiple-effect membrane distillation

Multiple-effect membrane distillation(MEMD) process for enriching semi-volatile organic acids from their individual aqueous solutions was performed by using a hollow fiber-based air gap membrane distillation(AGMD)module with the function of internal heat recovery.Aqueous solutions of glyoxylic acid,glycolic acid,lactic acid,pyruvic acid,malonic acid and glutaric acid were used as model feed.For a feed of 1%(mass fraction),each acid could be enriched for 8-20 times,which depended on the surface tension of the concentrate.The operation performance of MEMD process was characterized by permeation flux J,performance ratio PR and acid rejection rate R.The effects of cold feed-in temperature,heated feed-in temperature,feed-in volumetric flow rate and feed-in concentration on MEMD performance were experimentally evaluated.Maximum values of J,PR and R were 4.8 L/(h·m 2),9.84 and 99.93%,respectively.Moreover,MEMD process demonstrated a fairly good stability in a long-term experiment lasting for 30 d when aqueous solution of 4%(mass fraction) lactic acid was used as a feed.     

利用分批精馏和盐效萃取分离有机溶剂水共沸物的新工艺

建立了一种带有中间储罐的间歇精馏盐效萃取联合装置. 通过塔顶盐效萃取器和中间罐的作用, 使原料中的水既能从塔顶除去, 又能从塔釜除去. 缩短了操作时间, 节约了塔釜加热量. 单批操作产品的质量浓度达99. 8%以上, 收率达99. 5%. 对盐效萃取器中的液液平衡进行了实验研究和模型关联, 并在此基础上对整个装置进行了数学模拟, 模型计算结果与实验数据吻合良好.