从乔治·斯坦纳的翻译四步骤理论看译者主体性——以《十五从军征》两个英译本为例

众所周知,在翻译活动中处于中心地位的是译者,译者是翻译活动中积极发挥主观能动性作用的主体.著名的英国翻译理论家乔治·斯坦纳的阐释翻译观的核心实际上就是强调译者主体性的发挥.随着翻译研究的“文化转向”,对翻译活动中的主体—译者的研究逐渐开始重视起来,并逐渐深入.本文将尝试以乔治·斯坦纳基于阐释学的翻译四步骤理论为基本的理论根基,以《十五从军征》两个英译本为研究对象,分析翻译活动中不同译者发挥其各自主体性造成的翻译差异,研究译者主体性在翻译活动中的体现.     

乔治·斯坦纳阐释理论解释王佐良《西风颂》的翻译过程

《西风颂》是英国诗人雪莱最为人熟悉的作品,中文译者众,当中数王佐良的译文无论在韵律上还是意象上都翻译得较为出色。对王佐良翻译的《西风颂》进行分析的论文很多,但皆从诗学的角度分析,论文试从阐释翻译理论的角度来解构王佐良翻译《西风颂》的过程。     

From Anthroposophy to non-confessional preparation for spirituality? Could common schools learn from spiritual education in Steiner schools?

It has been suggested common schools might have something to learn from spiritual education in Steiner schools. This arguably assumes practice in Steiner schools to be compatible with the aims of spiritual education in common schools. I question this by considering whether the former is confessional, as the latter should not be. I begin by highlighting how my concern about the potentially confessional nature of Steiner spiritual education arose. I argue for a nuanced understanding of confessional education, which distinguishes between ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ confessional education, as well as between confessional education as intentional and as defined by outcome. I then argue that spiritual education in common schools should prepare pupils for spirituality, without being confessional. I consider whether Steiner schools are confessional by drawing upon findings from research conducted at six Steiner schools. I conclude that spiritual education in Steiner schools is weakly confessional in an intentional sense. I further conclude that practices which might contribute to preparation for spirituality and which can be implemented in a non-confessional manner are worthy of consideration for transfer to common schools. Common schools committed to preparation for spirituality as an educational aim could learn from spiritual education in Steiner schools.     

鲁道夫·斯坦纳教育思想述评

鲁道夫斯·坦纳是教育家、哲学家、科学家和艺术家,他所创建的华德福学校教育逐渐为许多国家所重视和实践.斯坦纳教育思想以人智学为哲学基础,蕴含着丰富的教育内涵,本文通过对斯坦纳教育思想内涵的阐释和评价,分析斯坦纳教育思想对我国当前基础教育改革的启示.     

Practical and effective IR-style keyword search over semantic web

This paper presents a novel IR-style keyword search model for semantic web data retrieval, distinguished from current retrieval methods. In this model, an answer to a keyword query is a connected subgraph that contains all the query keywords. In addition, the answer is minimal because any proper subgraph can not be an answer to the query. We provide an approximation algorithm to retrieve these answers efficiently. A special ranking strategy is also proposed so that answers can be appropriately ordered. The experimental results over real datasets show that our model outperforms existing possible solutions with respect to effectiveness and efficiency.     

一种求解RSMT布线问题的PSO算法

最小直角斯坦纳树（RSMT）问题是超大规模集成电路布线中的重要问题之一,是典型的NP困难组合优化问题.为了有效地解决超大规模集成电路布线中的RSMT问题,提出一种粒子群优化算法,借助直角Steiner树的一些性质,采用Steiner点编码方案,寻找优化的Steiner点位置以减少直角Steiner树的长度.对几组布线模型实例进行了仿真测试,表明了该算法的有效性.     

从阐释学视角探讨《绝望的主妇》翻译中译者主体性的发挥

阐释学是关于理解和解释文本意义的理论。它的代表人物斯坦纳提出的阐释学翻译四步骤,彰显了译者在翻译过程中主体性的发挥。《绝望的主妇》是自2004开播便广受欢迎的一部美剧,内容紧贴现实,语言幽默风趣。对于这部剧作的翻译,译者的主体性得到了很好的发挥。     

Practising empathy: enacting alternative perspectives through imaginative play

This article reports on a collaborative study using an innovative methodology, based on ‘insiders’ who are Steiner practitioners knowledgeable and practised in Steiner philosophy and ‘outsiders’ from UK mainstream early years and primary perspectives. Although the study as a whole focused on assessment and observation used in Steiner kindergartens, it yielded a rich data source on imaginative play that offers practice in empathy. We contextualise the data presented from a Steiner perspective in the wider literature on the imagination and affect in order to theorise how such play develops empathy through its links to feelings and prosocial behaviour. We critically examine how empathy and the imagination are nurtured in the context of eight kindergarten classes in five Steiner schools in England in order to illustrate how these conditions might also help other early years and primary schooling to foster long-term benefits for ethical and fulfilling lives through encouraging empathic understanding.     

Give Them Time – an analysis of school readiness in Ireland's early education system: a Steiner Waldorf Perspective

This paper examines a Steiner Waldorf Perspective to School Readiness and applies that international ideology to educational practice and curriculum policy in modern Ireland. The case for a later school start is championed with strong arguments underpinning the reasons why a later start is better in the long run for children's formal learning capacity and enthusiasm. Current primary school curriculums for the early years are also analysed and catalogued against Steiner philosophical best practice in early learning to promote a child-centred early learning curriculum within the Irish primary educational system.