“乡园情结”的固守与超越——评王理振诗集《再记桥西》

理振的诗作,大多数可以看成他在散文中所构筑的“乡园纪事”的另一种式样的表达,其朴实切近也与这种“乡园情结”相关。他希冀着以诗的方式建立一种自我与环境的深层联系,他要以对别人命运的关注来打破自己心灵的坚壁。沿着自己的情感线路,追踪人间之“大义”,理振的诗又具有了超越他的环境的情感幅度。     

基于物质-场模型分析的专利规避设计研究

随着顶驱装置在石油下套管作业中的广泛应用,顶驱下套管装置凭借其特有的高效性、安全性等优点已经成为国内外石油机械公司研发热点,但是各公司必须解决在设计过程中避免专利侵权的问题。通过回溯发明专利对应的创新发明问题,提出一种基于物质-场模型分析的专利回避设计方法;利用物质-场模型对发明问题进行简化分析,然后应用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)中的冲突理论或标准解等发明问题解决工具,挖掘出解决该问题的其他方法,进而实现专利的规避设计。利用该方法进行顶驱下套管装置的专利规避设计,首先分析TESCO公司已有专利,回溯得到发明问题并建立功能模型,基于功能裁剪得到的功能模型变体应用物质-场模型分析求解得到有效专利方案,实现下套管装置的专利规避设计。     

Becoming a more adaptive teacher through collaborating in Lesson Study? Examining the influence of Lesson Study on teachers’ adaptive teaching practices in mainstream secondary education

Adaptive teaching has become increasingly important in research and practice. However, its complexity calls for effective professional development approaches, such as Lesson Study, that may promote adaptive teaching practices. This study uses a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, consisting of stimulated recall interviews and classroom observation instruments, to determine whether participating in Lesson Study leads to more adaptive teaching practices in both teachers’ perceptions and behavior. Although intervention group teachers reported various important changes in their perceptions about adaptive teaching and their (adaptive) teaching behavior, no intervention effects were found. This raises questions about how adaptive teaching can be defined and measured.     

Cognitive load measurements and stimulated recall interviews for studying the effects of information and communications technology

Many researchers use information and communications technology (ICT)-tools to augment learning in a great variety of tasks. Their effects are generally measured in terms of intended outcomes. This article argues for the use of additional, more general measures to obtain a more complete impression of the effects of ICT-tools. The first study presented in this article shows why tools should not only be studied in terms of their specific intended outcomes, but also in terms of their effects on working memory, and the cognitive mechanisms needed to achieve the intended outcomes. The second study uses cognitive load measurements and stimulated recall interviews to obtain a more comprehensive view of the effects of learning tools. Results suggest that traditional outcome measures need to be complemented with quantitative and qualitative measures of cognitive processes to substantiate conclusions about intended effects of ICT-tools.

林莽的方式

“白洋淀诗群”的主要代表性诗人林莽的诗特色。侧重从“对生存的温和质询”、“对经验的特殊命名”、“对中年写作的自觉探询”三方面展开论述,揭开了林莽诗歌话语方式的特殊性,以及对当下诗歌写作的启示。     

An exploratory study of whether pregnancy outcomes influence maternal self-reported history of child maltreatment

Childhood maltreatment is common and has been increasingly studied in relation to perinatal outcomes. While retrospective self-report is convenient to use in studies assessing the impact of maltreatment on perinatal outcomes, it may be vulnerable to bias. We assessed bias in reporting of maltreatment with respect to women’s experiences of adverse perinatal outcomes in a cohort of 230 women enrolled in studies of maternal mental illness. Each woman provided a self-reported history of childhood maltreatment via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire at two time points: 1) the preconception or prenatal period and 2) the postpartum period. While most women’s reports of maltreatment agreed, there was less agreement for physical neglect among women experiencing adverse perinatal outcomes. Further, among women who discrepantly reported maltreatment, those experiencing adverse pregnancy outcomes tended to report physical neglect after delivery but not before, and associations between physical neglect measured after delivery and adverse pregnancy outcomes were larger than associations that assessed physical neglect before delivery. There were larger associations between post-delivery measured maltreatment and perinatal outcomes among women who had not previously been pregnant and in those with higher postpartum depressive symptoms. Although additional larger studies in the general population are necessary to replicate these findings, they suggest retrospective reporting of childhood maltreatment, namely physical neglect, may be prone to systematic differential recall bias with respect to perinatal outcomes. Measures of childhood maltreatment reported before delivery may be needed to validly estimate associations between maternal exposure to childhood physical neglect and perinatal outcomes.     

对自然的缅怀与告别——读蓝蓝的诗歌有感

当代女诗人蓝蓝的诗歌歌咏爱、歌咏自然、歌咏人性和生命这些永恒的主题,在当今充满喧哗和躁动的社会具有重要意义,尤其是她后期的诗歌,充满了抒情维度和社会批判力量之间的张力。自然是蓝蓝诗歌抒情的重要维度,在对自然的缅怀和告别中,蓝蓝的心灵及其诗歌都经历了蜕变。     

“I Said What?” Partner Familiarity,Resistance, and the Accuracy of Conversational Recall

We examined the influence of two structural parameters on the content and valence of conversational recall. 144 females had two conversations defined by relationship type (close friend or stranger) and partner resistance (resistance or none). Conversational recall statements were coded for accuracy of content (self, partner, or neutral) and valence (positive, negative, or neutral). Overall, respondents were less accurate in recalling the content of stranger conversations than friend exchanges, and when partners were agreeable compared to resistant. However, those who experienced little partner resistance more accurately recalled positively valenced information than respondents who encountered resistance. When partners resisted, friend interactions were recalled less accurately in terms of positivity, but more accurately for negative information, compared to the recall of stranger conversations.     

美国普林斯顿大学图书馆借阅服务与启示

普林斯顿大学是美国八所常青藤盟校之一,本文列举普林斯顿大学图书馆服务对象多元化、图书召回制度、Borrow Direct、学生书架和小阅览室等借阅服务的成功经验,探讨美国大学图书馆高效、人性化服务旨要,以期为国内高校图书馆的同类服务提供启示与参考。     

The tipping point: F-score as a function of the number of retrieved items

One of the best known measures of information retrieval (IR) performance is the F-score, the harmonic mean of precision and recall. In this article we show that the curve of the F-score as a function of the number of retrieved items is always of the same shape: a fast concave increase to a maximum, followed by a slow decrease. In other words, there exists a single maximum, referred to as the tipping point, where the retrieval situation is ‘ideal’ in terms of the F-score. The tipping point thus indicates the optimal number of items to be retrieved, with more or less items resulting in a lower F-score. This empirical result is found in IR and link prediction experiments and can be partially explained theoretically, expanding on earlier results by Egghe. We discuss the implications and argue that, when comparing F-scores, one should compare the F-score curves’ tipping points.