Influence of medium components on elastase production using crude sources by<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus</Emphasis> sp. EL31410

A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E. C3. 4. 4. 7) with high elastolytic activity was identified asBacillus sp. In the medium optimization, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crude carbon and nitrogen source for enzyme production, respectively. Addition of corn steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production. A fractional factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affect the enzyme production, and central composite experimental design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production. The experimental results showed that wheat bran had positive effect but soybean flour hydrosate had negative effect, on enzyme production. An initial concentration of 3.4% (w/v) wheat bran and 9.4% (v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme production in batch culture. The time course of elastase production in the optimized medium composition was also described. Project (No. 300024) supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China     

A pair of two-component regulatory genes ecrA1/A2 in S.coelicolor

Two-component genes are kinds of genetic elements involved in regulation of antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor. DNA microarray analysis revealed that ecrA1/A2, which mapped at distant sites from red locus and encode respectively the kinase and regulator, expressed coordinately with genes of Red specific biosynthetic pathway, ecrA1 and ecrA2 gene-disruptive mutants were constructed using homogenotisation by reciprocal double crossover. Fermentation data showed that the undecylprodigiosin (Red) level of production was lower than that of wild-type strain. However, the change of the actinorhodin (Act) production level was not significant compared with wild type. Thus, these experiment results confirmed that the two-component system ecrA 1/A2 was positive regulatory element for red gene cluster.     

营养和寄生性膜翅目的性分化 3.移植平腹小蜂卵后的性比变化

寄主卵大小及新鲜陈旧会影响平腹小蜂的性比本试验用移植卵的方法，证实了影响该蜂性比的关键在于：靠平腹小蜂产卵瓣上的感觉器感知寄主卵的大小及新鲜程度，通过神经肌肉控制受精囊是否释放精子入卵，决定产下的是受精卵或非受精卵，因而影响子代蜂的性比．     

小球藻生物吸附废水中铜的研究

以小球藻作为生物吸附剂,去除水溶液中微量Cu~(2+),研究结果表明小球藻对Cu~(2+)的生物吸附主要经历了快速的吸附和缓慢的吸收两个步骤:pH值是影响Cu~(2+)生物吸附的一个重要影响因素,最佳pH值在6～8之间;离子强度对Cu~(2+)的吸附有一定的抑制作用;小球藻对Cu~(2+)的生物吸附符合Freundlich等温方程。     

Improved elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410─further optimization and kinetics studies of culture medium for batch fermentation

INTRODUCTION Elastase is an enzyme that attacks and solubi-lizes elastin. As elastase can degrade elastin (Mori-hara, 1967) that other proteases cannot; it has broad applications in medical therapy, food processing and daily use chemicals industry. Considerable eff- orts were made to screen the elastase-producing strains, to study its pathogen effect and its charac-terizations (Tsuzuki and Oka, 1965; Tsai et al., 1988; Sharon et al., 1997; Ozaki and Shiio, 1975). Shiio, 1975). Reporte…     

假丝酵母Candidasp．发酵生产脂肪酶培养条件的优化

研究了碳源和氮源种类、碳源浓度以及起始pH值对假丝酵母Candidasp。菌株发酵生产脂肪酶的影响。结果显示,最适碳源为橄榄油,氮源为酵母膏,橄榄油浓度为2％,起始pH值为6.0。应用响应面试验设计对酵母膏、橄榄油和起始pH值进行培养基优化,结果表明,优化后的培养基配方为：橄榄油2.582％,酵母膏0.276％,K2HPO4 0.1％,MgSO4·7H2O 0.01％,NaCl 0.05％,pH6.28。在此条件下,假丝酵母Candidasp.液体发酵液中脂肪酶的酶活力可达36250U·mL^-1。     

Effect of temperature on batch elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410

The production of elastase by Bacillus sp. EL31410 at various temperatures was investigated. In order to study the effect of temperature on elastase fermentation, different cultivation temperatures, ranging from 39 ℃ to 28 ℃, were evaluated in shake flask. The result indicated that 37 ℃ was best for cell growth at earlier stage; while maximum elastase activity was obtained when the cells were cultivated at 30 ℃. This result was verified by batch fermentation in 5-L bio-reactor under 37 ℃ and 30 ℃ temperature, respectively. The specific cell growth rate at 37 ℃ was higher than that at 30 ℃ during earlier stage of cultivation. The maximum value [5.5 U/(h-g DCW)] of elastase formation rate occurred at 24 h at 30 ℃ compared to 4.6 U/(h-g DCW) at 30 h at 37 ℃. Based on these results, two-stage temperature shift strategy and oscillatory temperature cultivation mode were evaluated in the next study. When compared to single temperature of 37 ℃ or 30 ℃, both two-stage temperature shift strategy and os     

黄鳝体内毛细线虫的感染研究

本文以黄鳝体由毛细线虫的感染情况为重点，研究了毛细线虫的感染率、感染强度。结果表明：其感染率为13．3％，感染强度为3．25，平均密度为0．433；黄鳝的感染与其自身的体长有一定的关系，毛细线虫一般都集中在体长范围为200－350mm的黄鳝体内，其它体长组的黄鳝则很少感染。     

由有限向无限的艺术扩张--论吴组缃短篇小说的艺术魅力

吴组缃的短篇小说以其探根究由的人物塑造、富于惯性的节奏、微言大义的笔法向人们展示了一个由有限向无限扩张的艺术空间,具有极强的艺术感染力.     

白头翁水提液预防鸡球虫病作用的研究

目的:观察白头翁水提液对鸡球虫病的预防作用,为临床用药提供理论依据。方法:购置1日龄雏鸡210只,适应性饲养10d,选镜检无球虫感染、体重大小相近的健康雏鸡140只,随机分为7组,即空白对照组、氨丙啉组、地克珠利组、感染不给药组(即感染对照组)和白头翁水提液高、中、低剂量组。于第11日龄开始给药,给药第4d接种球虫卵囊,再给药7d,21日龄时称重,然后剖杀全部试验用鸡,观察并计算其成活率、相对增重率、血便记分、盲肠病变记分和卵囊数,并计算出抗球虫指数。结果:白头翁水提液高剂量组能明显提高鸡的成活率和相对增重率,显著减少血便堆数和卵囊数,明显减轻盲肠病变。结论:白头翁水提液对鸡球虫病具有一定的预防作用。